ArticleMolecular vision2015
Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) is involved in the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy by mediating activation-induced apoptosis.
Article in Molecular vision, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Checkpoint PD-L1 Modulates Retinal Microglial Activation to Alleviate Vascular Leakage in Choroidal Neovascularization via ERK.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Effect of Topical Programmed Death-Ligand1 on Corneal Epithelium in Dry Eye Mouse.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Prostasin regulates PD-L1 expression in human lung cancer cells.Bioscience reports · 2021Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Role of T Cells in the Underlying Mechanism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeRecent studies revealed that immunological mechanisms play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Given the importance of the immune response in PDR and the significance of the programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway as an immune regulatory pathway, the aim of this study is to determine the expression and functional characteristics of the PD-1 pathway in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with PDR.
methodsPeripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from patients with PDR, age-matched patients with diabetes mellitus and no diabetic retinopathy (DM-NDR), and controls. The mRNA expression of PD-1 and its ligands were determined using real-time PCR. The frequencies of PD-1 and its ligands, activation-induced apoptosis, IFN-γ, and IL-4 were determined by flow cytometry.
resultsThe PD-1 mRNA expression markedly decreased, while the frequency of PD-1(+) cells increased in the PDR group compared with the DM-NDR and control groups. The expression of PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) mRNA and PD-L1(+) cells in the PDR group was lower than that in the other two groups. In the PDR group, the frequency of Annexin V(+)PI(-) and Annexin V(+)PI(-)PD-1(+) cells increased, while the frequency of Annexin V(+)PI(-)PD-L1(+) cells decreased. Although their expression was upregulated, the ratio of PD-1(+) IFN-γ(+) to PD-1(+)IL-4(+) cells in the PDR group was not significantly different to that in the DM-NDR and control groups.
conclusionsThese results suggest that PD-1 is involved in the development of PDR by mediating activation-induced apoptosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
26321864PMC4544714W1205932074What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
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