ArticleMolecular cell2015
Codon Usage Influences the Local Rate of Translation Elongation to Regulate Co-translational Protein Folding.
Article in Molecular cell, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 334 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
334 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 670 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synonymous but Not Silent: The Codon Usage Code for Gene Expression and Protein Folding.Annual review of biochemistry · 2021Pooled it
- Codon Optimality Modulates Cellular Stress and Innate Immune Responses Triggered by Exogenous RNAs.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Principles of ribosome-associated protein quality control during the synthesis of CFTR.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- The Tor pathway, ribosome concentration, and wobble decoding mediate inhibitory effects of the Leu-Pro CUC-CCG codon pair inRNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Nascent chain folding status modulates ribosome dynamics and mRNA stability through the ribosome-associated chaperone Zuo1.Molecular cell · 2026Article
- Ribosome biogenesis and selective translational control as oncogenic vulnerabilities in hematologic malignancies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- seq2ribo: structure-aware integration of machine learning and simulation to predict ribosome location profiles from RNA sequences.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Modifying the upstream open reading frames of cellulase gene enhances cellulase production inSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Article
- Evidence for Non-optimal Codon Choice in Highly Transcribed Sex-Biased Genes of Drosophila melanogaster.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Article
- seq2ribo: Structure-aware integration of machine learning and simulation to predict ribosome location profiles from RNA sequences.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hierarchical evolution of the proteobacterial essential chaperone SecB reveals non-neutral synonymous evolution under extreme purifying selection.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Article
- Temporal and gene-specific dynamics of codon usage evolution in SARS-CoV-2 genomes.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Unveiling ribosomal dysfunction and impaired signaling pathways in the cortical region of 5xFAD mice.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- A slight mismatch between a gene's codon usage and the cellular tRNA supply is beneficial.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of complete mitogenomes of two ornamental plants Chimonanthus salicifolius and Chimonanthus praecox in the family Calycanthaceae.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Chloroplast genome sequencing of Poa pratensis and comparative chloroplast genomics analysis with other 29 grass species.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- RNA G-quadruplexes promote codon repeat-associated ribosomal frameshifting in human genes.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Article
274 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Codon usage bias is a universal feature of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and has been proposed to regulate translation efficiency, accuracy, and protein folding based on the assumption that codon usage affects translation dynamics. The roles of codon usage in translation, however, are not clear and have been challenged by recent ribosome profiling studies. Here we used a Neurospora cell-free translation system to directly monitor the velocity of mRNA translation. We demonstrated that the preferred codons enhance the rate of translation elongation, whereas non-optimal codons slow elongation. Codon usage also controls ribosome traffic on mRNA. These conclusions were supported by ribosome profiling results in vitro and in vivo with template mRNAs designed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, we demonstrate that codon usage regulates protein function by affecting co-translational protein folding. These results resolve a long-standing fundamental question and suggest the existence of a codon usage code for protein folding.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.