ArticleThe journal of pain2015
Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures on Complementary Health Approaches Associated With Painful Health Conditions in a Nationally Representative Adult Sample.
Article in The journal of pain, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health Care Service Utilization Among People with HIV, Chronic Pain, and Depression: Utilization and Cost Outcomes from the HIV-PASS Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
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- Effects of a patient-tailored integrative oncology intervention in the relief of pain in palliative and supportive cancer care.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Trial
- Nature exposure reduces self-reported pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Pharmacist-Driven Chondroprotection in Osteoarthritis: A Multifaceted Approach Using Patient Education, Information Visualization, and Lifestyle Integration.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Combined chiropractic care and Tai Chi for chronic neck pain: A protocol for a pilot randomized trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2025Article
- Racial/Ethnic and Sex Differences in Coping Mechanisms and Barriers to Health Care Among Adults with Chronic Pain: North Carolina, 2018-2019.North Carolina medical journal · 2025Article
- The Association of Chronic Pain and Complementary Health Approach Usage: A Comprehensive Analysis Adjusting for Demographics.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Determinants of implementation for group medical visits for patients with chronic pain: a systematic review.Implementation science communications · 2024Review
- A review of the WHO strategy on traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine from the perspective of academic consortia for integrative medicine and health.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Reasons Office-Based Physicians in the United States Recommend Common Complementary Health Approaches to Patients: An Exploratory Study Using a National Survey.Journal of integrative and complementary medicine · 2022Article
- Complementary and integrative medicine perspectives among veteran patients and VHA healthcare providers for the treatment of headache disorders: a qualitative study.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2022Article
- Slow, deep breathing intervention improved symptoms and altered rectal sensitivity in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Who determines United States Healthcare out-of-pocket costs? Factor ranking and selection using ensemble learning.Health information science and systems · 2021Article
- Feasibility of Implementation Mapping for Integrative Medical Group Visits.Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- United States Patients' Perspective of Living With Migraine: Country-Specific Results From the Global "My Migraine Voice" Survey.Headache · 2020Article
- Curricular Development and Implementation of a Longitudinal Integrative Medicine Education Experience for Trainees and Health-Care Professionals at an Academic Medical Center.Global advances in health and medicine · 2019Article
- The Complementary Health Approaches for Pain Survey (CHAPS): Validity testing and characteristics of a rural population with pain.PloS one · 2018Article
- Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Disabling Chronic Pain: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study.The journal of pain · 2017Article
- Breast Cancer Integrative Oncology Care and Its Costs.Integrative cancer therapies · 2017Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledNational surveys suggest that millions of adults in the United States use complementary health approaches such as acupuncture, chiropractic manipulation, and herbal medicines to manage painful conditions such as arthritis, back pain, and fibromyalgia. Yet, national and per person out-of-pocket (OOP) costs attributable to this condition-specific use are unknown. In the 2007 National Health Interview Survey, the use of complementary health approaches, the reasons for this use, and the associated OOP costs were captured in a nationally representative sample of 5,467 adults. Ordinary least square regression models that controlled for comorbid conditions were used to estimate aggregate and per person OOP costs associated with 14 painful health conditions. Individuals using complementary approaches spent a total of $14.9 billion (standard error [SE] = $.9 billion) on these approaches to manage these painful conditions. Total OOP expenditures by those using complementary approaches for their back pain ($8.7 billion, SE = $.8 billion) far outstripped OOP expenditures for any other condition; the majority of these costs ($4.7 billion, SE = $.4 billion) were for visits to complementary providers. Annual condition-specific per person OOP costs varied from a low of $568 (SE = $144) for regular headaches to a high of $895 (SE = $163) for fibromyalgia. PERSPECTIVE: Adults in the United States spent $14.9 billion on complementary health approaches (eg, acupuncture, chiropractic manipulation, and herbal medicines) to manage painful conditions including back pain ($8.7 billion). This back pain estimate is almost one-third of the total conventional health care expenditure for back pain ($30.4 billion) and two-thirds higher than conventional OOP expenditures ($5.1 billion).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.