Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26320259›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2016

Seroprevalence of 9 Human Papillomavirus Types in the United States, 2005-2006.

Gui Liu, Lauri E Markowitz, Susan Hariri, Gitika Panicker, Elizabeth R Unger

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Seroprevalence of nine human papillomavirus types included in the nonavalent vaccine in unvaccinated women living in Puerto Rico: A population-based study.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026
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  18. Missed opportunities for HPV immunization among young adult women.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2018
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Gui LiuDivision of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention.
Lauri E MarkowitzDivision of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention.
Susan HaririDivision of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention.
Gitika PanickerDivision of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Elizabeth R UngerDivision of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, licensed in 2014, prevents 4 HPV types targeted by the quadrivalent vaccine (6/11/16/18) and 5 additional high-risk (HR) types (31/33/45/52/58). Measuring seropositivity before vaccine introduction provides baseline data on exposure to types targeted by vaccines.

methodsWe determined seroprevalence of HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 among 4943 persons aged 14-59 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006.

resultsAmong females, seroprevalence was 40.5% for any of the 9 vaccine types, 30.0% for any 7 HR types (16/18/31/33/45/52/58), 19.0% for any 5 additional types (31/33/45/52/58), and 18.3% for 16/18. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks had higher seroprevalence of 31/33/45/52/58 (36.8% vs 15.9%) and 16/18 (30.1% vs 17.8%), while Mexican Americans had higher seroprevalence of 31/33/45/52/58 (23.6% vs 15.9%) (P < .05 for all). In multivariable analyses of data from females, race/ethnicity, number of sex partners, and age were associated with 16/18 and 31/33/45/52/58 seropositivity. Seropositivity was lower among males than among females (P < .001 for all type categories).

conclusionsIn 2005-2006, about 40% of females and 20% of males had serological evidence of exposure to ≥1 of 9 HPV types. Seroprevalence of all type categories, especially HPV 31/33/45/52/58 among females, varied by race/ethnicity.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAntibodies, ViralBlack or African AmericanFemaleHumansMaleMexican AmericansMiddle AgedPapillomaviridaePapillomavirus InfectionsSeroepidemiologic StudiesUnited StatesWhite PeopleYoung AdultAntibodies, Viralhuman papillomavirusracial differencesseroprevalence

Identifiers

PMID26320259
PMCPMC11357742
OpenAlexW1850728456

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.