ReviewSeminars in oncology2015
Cancer and the Immune System: Basic Concepts and Targets for Intervention.
Review in Seminars in oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 168 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
168 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Comparative long-term outcomes of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus pembrolizumab monotherapy as first-line therapy for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of first-line immunotherapy plus chemotherapy in treating patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Compatibility of different PET/CT criteria in evaluating treatment response and survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immunotherapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Investigating Associations Between Psychological Distress and Changes in Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Patients With CLL/SLL Managed With Active Surveillance.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- A2AR as a key target for immune microenvironment remodeling in prostate cancer.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Cancer Vaccines: Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions in Precision Medicine.Current cancer drug targets · 2026Review
- Systematic monitoring identified a high incidence of hypopituitarism following combined ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy for metastatic melanoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The Sanctuary Within: Development of CD20+ CNS Lymphoma Despite Peripheral B-Cell Depletion by Rituximab in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient.Case reports in neurological medicine · 2026Article
- Inhibitory effect of Endostar on HIF-1 with upregulation of MHC-I in lung cancer cells.Cancer biology & therapy · 2025Article
- Design, synthesis, and evaluation of A therapeutic vaccine candidate against lung cancer based on multi-epitopes of MAGE-A3, TGF-β2, and VEGF-A.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Peripheral blood multimodal integration via cross-attention for cancer immune profiling.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Unconventional Immunotherapies in Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Fecal microbiota transplantation in pigs: current status and future perspective.Animal microbiome · 2025Review
- Efficacy and safety of azvudine versus nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in cancer patients with COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immuno-related cardio-vascular adverse events associated with immuno-oncological treatments: an under-estimated threat for cancer patients.Basic research in cardiology · 2025Review
- Ultrasound-Stimulated Microbubble Cavitation Combined With Anti-PD-L1 Blockade Inhibits the Progression of MC38 Tumors and Alters the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Mice.International journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation combined with anti-PD-1 for the treatment of prostate cancer: an experimental study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Inflammation-associated drug resistance and tumor growth in TNBC.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
108 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
A number of consensuses regarding cancer immunology have recently emerged from both preclinical immunotherapy models and analysis of cancer patients. First and foremost, the natural state of endogenous tumor reactive T cells is characterized by general hyporesponsiveness or anergy. This is likely due to a number of mechanisms that tumors use to induce tolerance as they develop. While many of the newer generation vaccines can effectively transfer antigen to and activate dendritic cells, T-cell tolerance remains a major barrier that is difficult to overcome by vaccination alone. Preclinical models demonstrate that for poorly immunogenic tumors, once tolerance has been established, therapeutic vaccines alone are ineffective at curing animals with a significant established tumor burden. However, combination strategies of vaccination together with inhibitors of immunologic checkpoints and agonists for co-stimulatory pathways are proving capable of overcoming tolerance and generating significant anti-tumor responses even in cases of established metastatic cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.