ArticleClinical oral investigations2016
Clinical and cytological study of the oral mucosa of smoking and non-smoking qat chewers in Yemen.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cultural carcinogens in oral squamous cell carcinoma risk across global populations.Oncoscience · 2026Review
- Habitual khat chewing and oral melanoacanthoma: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- Effect of Khat Chewing on the Salivary pH before and after Using Mouthwashes.Addiction & health · 2019Article
- Is Khat (Catha edulis) chewing a risk factor for periodontal diseases? A systematic review.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2017Review
- Evaluating treatment outcomes and durations among cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Yemen: a prospective follow-up study.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe study was conducted to investigate the role of qat and smoking habits on the prevalence of visible and cytological abnormalities in the oral mucosa among Yemenites.
methodsWe recruited 30 non-smoking and 30 smoking Yemenites chewing qat unilaterally for at least 5 years. We inspected oral cavities for the presence of lesions and took brush biopsies from the buccal mucosa/gingiva of the chewing/non-chewing region.
resultsAll visible oral lesions were flat and homogeneous, and cytological changes were detected frequently. Among both non-smokers and smokers, white lesions and cytological changes were detected in 77% of all cases. On the chewing area, the proportion with white lesions ranged--depending on anatomical area and smoking status--between 47 and 93% and was significantly more frequent than on the non-chewing side (range 3-47%). The proportion of regions with changes was similar in non-smokers and smokers. Kappa statistics for "interobserver" agreement between visual inspection and cytological specimens of brush biopsies was at best fair (≤0.25).
conclusionsThe high prevalence of visible lesions and cytological abnormalities among qat chewers was independent of smoking status. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The moderate level of agreement between visual inspection and exfoliative cytology demonstrates the still challenging clinical management of chronic qat chewers, though brush biopsies including adjuvant techniques like DNA cytometry may support the clinical decision-making process in future.
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