ArticleVirology journal2015
In vitro antiretroviral activity and in vivo toxicity of the potential topical microbicide copper phthalocyanine sulfate.
Article in Virology journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Novel Treatment for a Giant Acrochordon Using Pachaieruvai, a Traditional Siddha Medicine: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Engineering copper and copper-based materials for a post-antibiotic era.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Article
- Overcoming Giant Verruca Vulgaris Treatment Obstacles With Siddha Medicine: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Optimization of PVDF-TrFE Based Electro-Conductive Nanofibers: Morphology and In Vitro Response.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Brief History and Advancement of Contraceptive Multipurpose Prevention Technology (cMPT) Products.Open access journal of contraception · 2023Review
- Characteristics of the copper-induced viable-but-non-culturable state in bacteria.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2021Review
- Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein prefusion conformation: virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations applied to the identification of potential fusion inhibitors.Virus research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCopper has antimicrobial properties and has been studied for its activity against viruses, including HIV. Copper complexed within a phthalocyanine ring, forming copper (II) phthalocyanine sulfate (CuPcS), may have a role in microbicide development when used intravaginally.
methodsCuPcS toxicity was tested against cervical epithelial cells, TZM-BL cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and cervical explant tissues using cell viability assays. In vivo toxicity was assessed following intravaginal administration of CuPcS in female BALB/C mice and measured using a standardized histology grading system on reproductive tract tissues. Efficacy studies for preventing infection with HIV in the presence of various non-toxic concentrations of CuPcS were carried out in TZM-BL, PBMC, and cervical explant cultures using HIV-1BAL and various pseudovirus subtypes. Non-linear regression was applied to the data to determine the EC50/90 and CC50/90.
resultsCuPcS demonstrated inhibition of HIV infection in PBMCs at concentrations that were non-toxic in cervical epithelial cells and PBMCs with EC50 values of approximately 50 μg/mL. Reproductive tract tissue analysis revealed no toxicity at 100 mg/mL. Human cervical explant tissues challenged with HIV in the presence of CuPcS also revealed a dose-response effect at preventing HIV infection at non-toxic concentrations with an EC50 value of 65 μg/mL.
conclusionThese results suggest that CuPcS may be useful as a topical microbicide in concentrations that can be achieved in the female genital tract.
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Registered trials
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