Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26318044›Full record

ArticleOncotarget2015

Trypsinogen 4 boosts tumor endothelial cells migration through proteolysis of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2.

Carmen Ghilardi, Antonietta Silini, Sara Figini, Alessia Anastasia, Monica Lupi, Robert Fruscio, Raffaella Giavazzi, Maria Rosa Bani

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Carmen GhilardiLaboratory of Biology and Treatment of Metastases, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Antonietta SiliniLaboratory of Biology and Treatment of Metastases, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Sara FiginiLaboratory of Biology and Treatment of Metastases, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Alessia AnastasiaLaboratory of Biology and Treatment of Metastases, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Monica LupiLaboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Robert FruscioClinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
Raffaella GiavazziLaboratory of Biology and Treatment of Metastases, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Maria Rosa BaniLaboratory of Biology and Treatment of Metastases, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research · ITIstituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico · ITUniversity of Milano-Bicocca · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Proteases contribute to cancer in many ways, including tumor vascularization and metastasis, and their pharmacological inhibition is a potential anticancer strategy. We report that human endothelial cells (EC) express the trypsinogen 4 isoform of the serine protease 3 (PRSS3), and lack both PRSS2 and PRSS1. Trypsinogen 4 expression was upregulated by the combined action of VEGF-A, FGF-2 and EGF, angiogenic factors representative of the tumor microenvironment. Suppression of trypsinogen 4 expression by siRNA inhibited the angiogenic milieu-induced migration of EC from cancer specimens (tumor-EC), but did not affect EC from normal tissues. We identified tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2), a matrix associated inhibitor of cell motility, as the functional target of trypsinogen 4, which cleaved TFPI-2 and removed it from the matrix put down by tumor-EC. Silencing tumor-EC for trypsinogen 4 accumulated TFPI2 in the matrix. Showing that angiogenic factors stimulate trypsinogen 4 expression, which hydrolyses TFPI-2 favoring a pro-migratory situation, our study suggests a new pathway linking tumor microenvironment signals to endothelial cell migration, which is essential for angiogenesis and blood vessel remodeling. Abolishing trypsinogen 4 functions might be an exploitable strategy as anticancer, particularly anti-vascular, therapy.

Indexed as

Blotting, WesternCell MovementCells, CulturedEndothelial CellsEpidermal Growth FactorFibroblast Growth Factor 2Gene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGlycoproteinsHumansNeoplasmsProteolysisReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA InterferenceTrypsinTumor MicroenvironmentVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AEpidermal Growth FactorFibroblast Growth Factor 2GlycoproteinsPRSS3 protein, humantissue-factor-pathway inhibitor 2TrypsinVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Acancer microenvironmentendothelial cellsserine protease 3 (PRSS3)/trypsinogen 4tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2)tumor angiogenesis

Identifiers

PMID26318044
PMCPMC4695067
OpenAlexW2271445377

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.