ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2016
Mismatching between circulating strains and vaccine strains of influenza: Effect on Hajj pilgrims from both hemispheres.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uptake and effectiveness of facemask against respiratory infections at mass gatherings: a systematic review.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Clinical respiratory infections and pneumonia during the Hajj pilgrimage: A systematic review.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Low Match Between the Emerging 'Mayotte-like' Strain and the 919-Strain Bovine Ephemeral Fever Vaccine.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Genetic characterization of influenza A (A/H3N2) viruses reveals antigenic drift in receptor binding domain and possible vaccine mismatch in strains circulating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2024-2025.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Genetic diversity and molecular analysis of human influenza virus among pilgrims during Hajj.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Article
- Molecular Characterization of Influenza A/H3N2 Virus Isolated from Indonesian Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims 2013 to 2014.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antigen-specific memory Th17 cells promote cross-protection against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae after mild influenza A virus infection.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- Serotyping and Seroprevalence ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Epidemic situation of the complex seasonality of imported influenza A and B virus transmission in Guangxi ports of ChinaTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2021Article
- A Mathematical Modeling Study: Assessing Impact of Mismatch Between Influenza Vaccine Strains and Circulating Strains in Hajj.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2021Article
- Respiratory tract infections among French Hajj pilgrims from 2014 to 2017.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2019Review
- The Hajj 2019 Vaccine Requirements and Possible New Challenges.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2019Article
- MERS-CoV, influenza and other respiratory viruses among symptomatic pilgrims during 2014 Hajj season.Journal of medical virology · 2019Article
- Association of Consecutive Influenza Vaccinations and Pneumonia: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Article
- Expected immunizations and health protection for Hajj and Umrah 2018 -An overview.Travel medicine and infectious disease · 2017Review
- International mass gatherings and travel-associated illness: A GeoSentinel cross-sectional, observational study.Travel medicine and infectious diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine is expected to provide optimum protection if the vaccine strains match the circulating strains. The effect of worldwide mismatch between the vaccine strains and extant strains on travelers attending Hajj pilgrimage is not known. Annually 2-3 million Muslims coming from north and south hemispheres congregate at Hajj in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, where intense congestion amplifies the risk of respiratory infection up to eight fold. In order to estimate, to what extent mismatching increases the risk of vaccine failure in Hajj pilgrims, we have examined the global data on influenza epidemiology since 2003, in light of the available data from Hajj. These data demonstrate that globally mismatching between circulating and vaccine strains has occurred frequently over the last 12 years, and the mismatch seems to have affected the Hajj pilgrims, however, influenza virus characteristics were studied only in a limited number of Hajj seasons. When the vaccines are different, dual vaccination of travelers by vaccines for southern and northern hemispheres should be considered for Hajj pilgrims whenever logistically feasible. Consideration should also be given to the use of vaccines with broader coverage, i.e., quadrivalent, or higher immunogenicity. Continuous surveillance of influenza at Hajj is important.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.