ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
The Activation of Phytophthora Effector Avr3b by Plant Cyclophilin is Required for the Nudix Hydrolase Activity of Avr3b.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Rare Recombination in the Phytophthora sojae Genome Allows the Redefinition of a Major Avirulence Gene.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- Host cyclophilin-mediated maturation of an obligate intracellular bacterial surface virulence factor.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Purine-based infochemicals and immunometabolites: a comparative review of emerging signaling pathways in plants and animals.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Cotton Bollworm (H. armigera) Effector PPI5 Targets FKBP17-2 to Inhibit ER Immunity and JA/SA Responses, Enhancing Insect Feeding.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- A conserved oomycete effector RxLR23 triggers plant defense responses by targeting ERD15La to release NbNAC68.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Comparative transcriptional analysis of Persea americana MYB, WRKY and AP2/ERF transcription factors following Phytophthora cinnamomi infection.Molecular plant pathology · 2024Article
- The EIN3 transcription factor GmEIL1 improves soybean resistance to Phytophthora sojae.Molecular plant pathology · 2024Article
- Dying in self-defence: a comparative overview of immunogenic cell death signalling in animals and plants.Cell death and differentiation · 2023Review
- Race against Time between the Virus and Host: Actin-Assisted Rapid Biogenesis of Replication Organelles is Used by TBSV to Limit the Recruitment of Cellular Restriction Factors.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Proteinaceous Effector Discovery and Characterization in Plant PathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Molecular mechanisms ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- GmBTB/POZ promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of LHP1 to regulate the response of soybean to Phytophthora sojae.Communications biology · 2021Article
- The 26S Proteasome Regulatory Subunit GmPSMD Promotes Resistance toFrontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- A Poplar Rust Effector Protein Associates with Protein Disulfide Isomerase and Enhances Plant Susceptibility.Biology · 2020Article
- All Roads Lead to Susceptibility: The Many Modes of Action of Fungal and Oomycete Intracellular Effectors.Plant communications · 2020Review
- Genome-Wide Analysis of Cyclophilin Proteins in 21 Oomycetes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Genome-wide identification of cyclophilin genes in Gossypium hirsutum and functional characterization of a CYP with antifungal activity against Verticillium dahliae.BMC plant biology · 2019Article
- GmSnRK1.1, a Sucrose Non-fermenting-1(SNF1)-Related Protein Kinase, Promotes Soybean Resistance toFrontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- Analysis of Barley Leaf Epidermis and Extrahaustorial Proteomes During Powdery Mildew Infection Reveals That the PR5 Thaumatin-Like Protein TLP5 Is Required for Susceptibility TowardsFrontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- Arms race: diverse effector proteins with conserved motifs.Plant signaling & behavior · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plant pathogens secrete an arsenal of effector proteins to impair host immunity. Some effectors possess enzymatic activities that can modify their host targets. Previously, we demonstrated that a Phytophthora sojae RXLR effector Avr3b acts as a Nudix hydrolase when expressed in planta; and this enzymatic activity is required for full virulence of P. sojae strain P6497 in soybean (Glycine max). Interestingly, recombinant Avr3b produced by E. coli does not have the hydrolase activity unless it was incubated with plant protein extracts. Here, we report the activation of Avr3b by a prolyl-peptidyl isomerase (PPIase), cyclophilin, in plant cells. Avr3b directly interacts with soybean cyclophilin GmCYP1, which activates the hydrolase activity of Avr3b in a PPIase activity-dependent manner. Avr3b contains a putative Glycine-Proline (GP) motif; which is known to confer cyclophilin-binding in other protein substrates. Substitution of the Proline (P132) in the putative GP motif impaired the interaction of Avr3b with GmCYP1; as a result, the mutant Avr3bP132A can no longer be activated by GmCYP1, and is also unable to promote Phytophthora infection. Avr3b elicits hypersensitive response (HR) in soybean cultivars producing the resistance protein Rps3b, but Avr3bP132A lost its ability to trigger HR. Furthermore, silencing of GmCYP1 rendered reduced cell death triggered by Avr3b, suggesting that GmCYP1-mediated Avr3b maturation is also required for Rps3b recognition. Finally, cyclophilins of Nicotiana benthamiana can also interact with Avr3b and activate its enzymatic activity. Overall, our results demonstrate that cyclophilin is a "helper" that activates the enzymatic activity of Avr3b after it is delivered into plant cells; as such, cyclophilin is required for the avirulence and virulence functions of Avr3b.
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