SynthesisHaematologica2015
Outcome of advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia following different first-line and relapse therapies: a meta-analysis of five prospective trials by the German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG).
Synthesis in Haematologica, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Multicenter Phase II Trial of Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide in Combination With Alemtuzumab (FC-Cam) for Patients With Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - CLL-2L Protocol of the German CLL-Study Group (GCLLSG)
Multicentre Phase II Trial of Bendamustine in Combination With Rituximab for Patients With Previously Untreated or Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. CLL2M Protocol of the German CLL-Study Group (GCLLSG)
Phase III Trial of Combined Immunochemotherapy With Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab (FCR) Versus Chemotherapy With Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide (FC) Alone in Patients With Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Care and Beyond: Navigating the Needs of Long-Term Survivors.Cancers · 2025Review
- Downhill running does not alter blood C1q availability or complement-dependent cytotoxicity of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against haematological cancer cell lines in vitro.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Harnessing the immunomodulatory effects of exercise to enhance the efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapies against B-cell haematological cancers: a narrative review.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Lymphodepletion - an essential but undervalued part of the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy cycle.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Unmutated IGHV1-69 CLL Clone Displays a Distinct Gene Expression Profile by a Comparative qRT-PCR Assay.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Multi Cytogenetic Changes in a Patient as Co-Existing MDS and CLL Progresses.OncoTargets and therapy · 2021Article
- IGHV mutational status and outcome for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia upon treatment: a Danish nationwide population-based study.Haematologica · 2020Article
- Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Cell Sensitivity to Chemotherapy Detected in vitro on Treatment Response and Survival of Leukemia Patients.Journal of personalized medicine · 2019Article
- Effectiveness of the Combination of Rituximab and Standard Chemotherapeutic Regimens in Previously Untreated Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia in Real-Life: Results from a Noninterventional Study (CILI Study).Pathology oncology research : POR · 2019Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of first-line and subsequent therapies, the outcome of 1,558 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia from five prospective phase II/III trials conducted between 1999 and 2010 was analyzed. The 3-year overall survival rate was higher after first-line treatment with chemoimmunotherapies such as fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/rituximab (87.9%) or bendamustine/rituximab (90.7%) compared to chemotherapies without an antibody (fludarabine/cyclophosphamide: 84.6%; fludarabine: 77.5%; chlorambucil: 77.4%). Furthermore, the median overall survival was longer in patients receiving at least one antibody-containing regimen in any treatment line (94.4 months) compared to the survival in patients who never received an antibody (84.3 months, P<0.0001). Univariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that patients who did receive antibody treatment had a 1.42-fold higher risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval: 1.185-1.694). Therapies administered at relapse were very heterogeneous. Only 55 of 368 patients (14.9%) who started second-line treatment >24 months after first-line therapy repeated the first-line regimen. Among 315 patients requiring treatment ≤24 months after first-line therapy, cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone with or without rituximab as well as alemtuzumab were the most commonly used therapies. In these early relapsing patients, the median overall survival was shorter following therapies containing an anthracycline and/or three or more cytotoxic agents (e.g. cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone or fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/mitoxantrone, 30.0 months) compared to single agent chemotherapy (e.g. fludarabine; 39.6 months) and standard chemoimmunotherapy (e.g. fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/rituximab: 61.6 months). In conclusion, the analysis confirms the superior efficacy of chemoimmunotherapies in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Moreover, the use of aggressive chemo(immuno)therapy combinations in patients with an early relapse does not offer any benefit when compared to less intensive therapies. Trial identifier: NCT00281918, ISRCTN75653261, ISRCTN36294212, NCT00274989 and NCT00147901.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.