ArticleEye (London, England)2015
Measures of socioeconomic status and self-reported glaucoma in the U.K. Biobank cohort.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inequities in glaucoma research: an analysis of Cochrane systematic reviews and randomized trials.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- The Association of Female Reproductive Factors with Glaucoma and Related Traits: A Systematic Review.Ophthalmology. GlaucomaPooled it
- The German National Cohort: Ophthalmic Assessment, Baseline Profile, and Potential for Artificial Intelligence-Based Eye Research.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Exploring variations in Certificate of Vision Impairment (CVI) with geographical locations, deprivation indices, density of optometry practices and number of older people living in Mid and South Essex: an analysis of publicly available data.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Associations between retinal morphological features and risk of depression and anxiety disorders.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- "I want to see everything": A community-based participatory research framework to identify eye health and vision care knowledge, perceptions, values, and barriers.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Article
- Associations between certification of visual impairment and socioeconomic deprivation: a study using data from the regional Northern Ireland sight impairment certification database.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Equitable artificial intelligence for glaucoma screening with fair identity normalization.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Associations of Coffee and Tea Consumption on Neural Network Connectivity: Unveiling the Role of Genetic Factors in Alzheimer's Disease Risk.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Impact of Social Vulnerability Index on the Development of Severe Visual Impairment or Blindness From Glaucoma.American journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Automated Identification of Patients' Unmet Social Needs in Clinical Text Using Natural Language Processing.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health · 2024Article
- Impact of Demographics on Regional Visual Field Loss and Deterioration in Glaucoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Priorities for health outcomes in glaucoma in an ethnically diverse UK cohort: an observational study.BMJ open · 2024Observational
- Convolutional neural network-based classification of glaucoma using optic radiation tissue properties.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Social determinants of health and health disparities in glaucoma: A review.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Do Socioeconomic Inequalities Exist Within Ophthalmology and Orthoptics in the UK?: A Scoping Review.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2024Article
- Association of triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with obesity indicators in predicting the risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Measures of multiple deprivation and visual field loss in glaucoma clinics in England: lessons from big data.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Identifying, Understanding, and Addressing Disparities in Glaucoma Care in the United States.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine ocular, demographic, and socioeconomic associations with self-reported glaucoma in the U.K. Biobank.
methodsBiobank is a study of U.K. residents aged 40-69 years registered with the National Health Service. Data were collected on visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal biomechanics, and questionnaire from 112,690 participants. Relationships between ocular, demographic, and socioeconomic variables with reported diagnosis of glaucoma were examined.
resultsIn all, 1916 (1.7%) people in U.K. Biobank reported glaucoma diagnosis. Participants reporting glaucoma were more likely to be older (mean 61.4 vs. 56.7 years, P<0.001) and male (2.1% vs. 1.4%, P=0.001). The rate of reported glaucoma was significantly higher in Black (3.28%, P<0.001) and Asian (2.14%, P=0.009) participants compared with White participants (1.62%, reference). Cases of reported glaucoma had a higher mean IOP (18 mm Hg both eyes, P<0.001), lower corneal hysteresis (9.96 right eye, 9.89 left eye, P<0.001), and lower visual acuity (0.09 logMAR right eye, 0.08 logMAR left eye, P<0.001) compared with those without (16 mm Hg both eyes, hysteresis 10.67 right eye, 10.63 left eye, 0.03 logMAR right eye, 0.02 logMAR left eye). The mean Townsend deprivation index was -0.72 for those reporting glaucoma and -0.95 for those without (P<0.001), indicating greater relative deprivation in those reporting glaucoma. Multivariable logistic regression showed that people in the lowest income group (<£18,000/year) were significantly more likely to report a diagnosis of glaucoma compared with any other income level (P<0.01). We observed increasing glaucoma risk across the full range of income categories, with highest risk among those of lowest income, and no evidence of a threshold effect.
conclusionsIn a large U.K. cohort, individuals reporting glaucoma had more adverse socioeconomic characteristics. Study of the mechanisms explaining these effects may aid our understanding of health inequality and will help inform public health interventions.
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