ArticleBMC health services research2015
Risk factors for delay in age-appropriate vaccinations among Gambian children.
Article in BMC health services research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implementation Approaches for Introducing and Overcoming Barriers to Hepatitis B Birth-Dose Vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa.Global health, science and practice · 2022Pooled it
- Factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in Africa: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vaccination timeliness and delay in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the literature, 2007-2017.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Pooled it
- The effect of mHealth application on improving childhood immunization coverage and timeliness: a case of the Gurage Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Improving timeliness and completion of infant vaccination among infants in Nigerian urban slums through older women's participation.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Effect of Mobile Phone Text Message Reminders on the Completion and Timely Receipt of Routine Childhood Vaccinations: Superiority Randomized Controlled Trial in Northwest Ethiopia.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2021Trial
- Timely vaccination coverage and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in Arbaminch Town, Ethiopia, 2024.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Frequency and correlates of non-receipt of age-appropriate vaccination among children aged 6-35 months with medically attended diarrhea: Findings from the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella study, 2022-2024.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Vaccination delay and associated factors among children of age 12-23 months in Gomma district, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Perceived shifts in routine vaccine confidence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kinshasa Province, DRC: A mixed-methods approach.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
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- Article
- Spatial pattern and associated factors of timely vaccination in Ethiopia using EDHS-2016 data: A multilevel and spatial analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors of Turkish Parents about Childhood Vaccination.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Drivers of vaccine hesitancy among vulnerable populations in India: a cross-sectional multi-state study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Risk factors associated with non-vaccination in Gambian children: a population-based cohort study.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVaccination has been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity due to vaccine-preventable diseases. However, these diseases are still responsible for majority of childhood deaths worldwide especially in the developing countries. This may be due to low vaccine coverage or delay in receipt of age-appropriate vaccines. We studied the timeliness of routine vaccinations among children aged 12-59 months attending infant welfare clinics in semi-urban areas of The Gambia, a country with high vaccine coverage.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in four health centres in the Western Region of the Gambia. Vaccination dates were obtained from health cards and timeliness assessed based on the recommended age ranges for BCG (birth-8 weeks), Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (6 weeks-4 months; 10 weeks-5 months; 14 weeks-6 months) and measles vaccines (38 weeks-12 months). Risk factors for delay in age-appropriate vaccinations were determined using logistic regression. Analysis was limited to BCG, third dose of Diphtheria-Pertussis -Tetanus (DPT3) and measles vaccines.
resultsVaccination records of 1154 children were studied. Overall, 63.3% (95 % CI 60.6-66.1%) of the children had a delay in the recommended time to receiving at least one of the studied vaccines. The proportion of children with delayed vaccinations increased from BCG [5.8% (95 % CI 4.5-7.0%)] to DPT3 [60.4% (95 % CI 57.9%-63.0%)] but was comparatively low for the measles vaccine [10.8% (95 % CI 9.1%-12.5%)]. Mothers of affected children gave reasons for the delay, and their profile correlated with type of occupation, place of birth and mode of transportation to the health facilities.
conclusionDespite high vaccination coverage reported in The Gambia, a significant proportion of the children's vaccines were delayed for reasons related to health services as well as profile of mothers. These findings are likely to obtain in several countries and should be addressed by programme managers in order to improve and optimize the impact of the immunization coverage rates.
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