Observational studyMedicine2015
An Elevated Glycemic Gap is Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Diabetic Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.
Observational study in Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between glucose levels at admission and outcomes of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Pooled it
- In-hospital hyperglycemia but not diabetes mellitus alone is associated with increased in-hospital mortality in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies prior to COVID-19.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Pooled it
- Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients With Diabetes: Narrative Review.JMIR diabetes · 2026Review
- Stress hyperglycemia ratio predicts adverse outcomes in emergency department patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.PloS one · 2026Article
- The Association of Glycemic Gap with Cognitive Function After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and microbial signatures in the lower airways of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with pneumonia.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Association between Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels and Vaccine Preventable Diseases: A Systematic Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Diabetes Mellitus and Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Stress hyperglycemia ratio is associated with systemic inflammation and clinical outcomes in diabetic inpatients with pneumonia on admission.Journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- What, why and how to monitor blood glucose in critically ill patients.World journal of diabetes · 2023Review
- Acute Coronary Syndrome, Stroke, and Mortality after Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- The relationship between glycated hemoglobin A1c levels and exacerbation status in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BMC research notes · 2022Article
- Diabetic women: Inpatient mortality risk before SARS-CoV-2.Obesity medicine · 2022Article
- Glucometabolic changes influence hospitalization and outcome in patients with COVID-19: An observational cohort study.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2022Observational
- Age, Pulse, Urea, and Albumin Score: A Tool for Predicting the Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients With Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Glycemic Gap as a Useful Surrogate Marker for Glucose Variability and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- A New Prognostic Index PDPI for the Risk of Pneumonia Among Patients With Diabetes.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Cardiovascular Events After Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Global Perspective with Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Age, Pulse, Urea and Albumin (APUA) Model: A Tool for Predicting in-Hospital Mortality of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Adapted for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies argue against the association between admission hyperglycemia and adverse outcomes in infected diabetic patients. When investigating the association, it is necessary to consider preexisting hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to assess whether stress-induced hyperglycemia, determined by the glycemic gap between admission glucose levels and A1c-derived average glucose levels adversely affects outcomes in diabetic patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).We retrospectively analyzed the glycemic gap and adverse outcomes of diabetic patients hospitalized because of CAP from June 1, 2007 to August 31, 2012 in single medical center in Taiwan.A total of 203 patients admitted with principal diagnosis of CAP and available data of glycemic gap.Patients with glycemic gaps ≥40 mg/dL had greater AUROC values for the development of adverse outcomes compared with acute hyperglycemia and long-term glycemic controls. Patients with an elevated glycemic gap had an odds ratio of 3.84 for the incidence of combined adverse outcomes. Incorporation of the glycemic gap into pneumonia severity index, CURB-65 or SMART-COP scores, increased the discriminative performance of predicting the development of adverse outcomes.Glycemic gaps were associated with adverse outcomes of diabetic CAP patients. The discriminative performance of the calculated glycemic gaps was comparable with those of current clinical scoring systems and may further increase the AUROC of each system.
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