ArticlePloS one2015
Hepatitis C Virus Driven AXL Expression Suppresses the Hepatic Type I Interferon Response.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Inhibition of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase increases osteoblast function and bone mass.Bone research · 2026Article
- Hepatitis C Virus and Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms, Clinical Impact, and Post-DAA Management.Journal of medical virology · 2026Review
- Role of TAM Receptors in Antimalarial Humoral Immune Response.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- GAS6/TAM Axis as Therapeutic Target in Liver Diseases.Seminars in liver disease · 2024Article
- PEMT Mediates Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Steatosis, Explains Genotype-Specific Phenotypes and Supports Virus Replication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Akt-mTORC1 pathway mediates Axl receptor tyrosine kinase-induced mesangial cell proliferation.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Article
- Review
- The Role of Micronutrients in the Infection and Subsequent Response to Hepatitis C Virus.Cells · 2019Review
- Axl Can Serve as Entry Factor for Lassa Virus Depending on the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Antagonistic Coevolution of MER Tyrosine Kinase Expression and Function.Molecular biology and evolution · 2017Article
- Recombinant Gas6 augments Axl and facilitates immune restoration in an intracerebral hemorrhage mouse model.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2017Article
- Giving AXL the axe: targeting AXL in human malignancy.British journal of cancer · 2017Review
- TAM receptor tyrosine kinase function and the immunopathology of liver disease.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2016Review
- Effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on proliferation and nuclear factor-κB activity in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cells.BMC nephrology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is evolving rapidly with the development of novel direct acting antivirals (DAAs), however viral clearance remains intimately linked to the hepatic innate immune system. Patients demonstrating a high baseline activation of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), termed interferon refractoriness, are less likely to mount a strong antiviral response and achieve viral clearance when placed on treatment. As a result, suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) 3 and other regulators of the IFN response have been identified as key candidates for the IFN refractory phenotype due to their regulatory role on the IFN response. AXL is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has been identified as a key regulator of interferon (IFN) signalling in myeloid cells of the immune system, but has not been examined in the context of chronic HCV infection. Here, we show that AXL is up-regulated following HCV infection, both in vitro and in vivo and is likely induced by type I/III IFNs and inflammatory signalling pathways. AXL inhibited type IFNα mediated ISG expression resulting in a decrease in its antiviral efficacy against HCV in vitro. Furthermore, patients possessing the favourable IFNL3 rs12979860 genotype associated with treatment response, showed lower AXL expression in the liver and a stronger induction of AXL in the blood, following their first dose of IFN. Together, these data suggest that elevated AXL expression in the liver may mediate an IFN-refractory phenotype characteristic of patients possessing the unfavourable rs12979860 genotype, which is associated with lower rates of viral clearance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.