ArticleAnesthesiology2015
Multiple Anesthetic Exposure in Infant Monkeys Alters Emotional Reactivity to an Acute Stressor.
Article in Anesthesiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Avoidance of routine endotracheal intubation and general anesthesia for primary closure of gastroschisis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric surgery international · 2022Pooled it
- General anesthesia in children and long-term neurodevelopmental deficits: A systematic review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Neurodevelopmental outcome at 5 years of age after general anaesthesia or awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS): an international, multicentre, randomised, controlled equivalence trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age after general anaesthesia and awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS): an international multicentre, randomised controlled trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2016Trial
- The Janus Face of Isoflurane: A Dose-Age-Response Model of Cognitive Impact.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Sevoflurane, but not alphaxalone, causes lasting autism spectrum disorder-like pathology in male mice after exposure occurs during synaptogenesis.Neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Animal models of delirium: a narrative review.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Radiation Therapy Without Anesthesia for a 7-Month-Old Child Using Audio-Visual Assisted Therapeutic Ambience in Radiation Therapy (AVATAR).Advances in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Increased CSF volume, altered brain development and emotional reactivity after postnatal Zika virus infection in infant rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Values of General Anesthetics: From Developmental Neurotoxicity to Neurotherapeutic Agents.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Comprehensive characterization of chronic midazolam exposure on neonates and long-term neurodevelopment.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association between general anesthesia for cesarean delivery and subsequent developmental disorders in children: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Repeated sevoflurane exposure causes hypomyelination in the prefrontal cortex of adult male mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity in the setting of systemic inflammation: the role of microglia.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Taxonomy of Multiple Sevoflurane-Induced Cell Type Specificity in the Hippocampus of Juvenile Non-human Primates.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
- Estimating the cardiac signals of chimpanzees using a digital camera: validation and application of a novel non-invasive method for primate research.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Effects of multiple anesthetic exposures on rhesus macaque brain development: a longitudinal structural MRI analysis.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Clinical and environmental considerations for neonatal, office-based circumcisions compared with operative circumcisions.Frontiers in urology · 2024Review
- Commentary: Early-in-life Isoflurane Exposure Alters Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Juvenile Non-human Primates - a Role for Neuroinflammation?Journal of immunological sciences · 2024Article
- The duration-dependent and sex-specific effects of neonatal sevoflurane exposure on cognitive function in rats.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2024Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRetrospective studies in humans have shown a higher prevalence of learning disabilities in children that received multiple exposures to general anesthesia before the age of 4 yr. Animal studies, primarily in rodents, have found that postnatal anesthetic exposure causes neurotoxicity and neurocognitive deficits in adulthood. The authors addressed the question of whether repeated postnatal anesthetic exposure was sufficient to cause long-term behavioral changes in a highly translationally relevant rhesus monkey model, allowing study of these variables against a background of protracted nervous system and behavioral development.
methodsRhesus monkeys of both sexes underwent either three 4-h exposures to sevoflurane anesthesia (anesthesia group n = 10) or brief maternal separations (control group n = 10) on postnatal day 6 to 10 that were repeated 14 and 28 days later. Monkeys remained with their mothers in large social groups at all times except for overnight observation after each anesthetic/control procedure. At 6 months of age, each monkey was tested on the human intruder paradigm, a common test for emotional reactivity in nonhuman primates.
resultsThe frequency of anxiety-related behaviors was significantly higher in monkeys that were exposed to anesthesia as neonates as compared with controls: anesthesia 11.04 ± 1.68, controls 4.79 ± 0.77, mean ± SEM across all stimulus conditions.
conclusionIncreased emotional behavior in monkeys after anesthesia exposure in infancy may reflect long-term adverse effects of anesthesia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.