ArticlePLoS genetics2015
Protein Composition of Infectious Spores Reveals Novel Sexual Development and Germination Factors in Cryptococcus.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The protein phosphatase 2C domain contributes to the pathobiological function of adenylyl cyclase inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Dormant yet dangerous: the role of cell rest in perseverance.Future microbiology · 2025Review
- Insights from Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics onJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Is Cryptococcus neoformans a pleomorphic fungus?Current opinion in microbiology · 2024Review
- MaPom1, a Dual-Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase, Positively Regulates Thermal and UV-B Tolerance inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Fruiting Body Heterogeneity, Dimorphism and Haustorium-like Structure ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Biogenesis, germination, and pathogenesis ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Ergosterol Is Critical for Sporogenesis inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Last but not yeast-The many forms of Cryptococcus neoformans.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Genome-wide quantification of contributions to sexual fitness identifies genes required for spore viability and health in fission yeast.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Methods for ManipulatingJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
- Application of an optimized annotation pipeline to the Cryptococcus deuterogattii genome reveals dynamic primary metabolic gene clusters and genomic impact of RNAi loss.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- Optimisation of Sporosori Purification and Protein Extraction Techniques for the Biotrophic Protozoan Plant PathogenMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The Evolution of Sexual Reproduction and the Mating-Type Locus: Links to Pathogenesis ofAnnual review of genetics · 2019Review
- Spore Germination as a Target for Antifungal Therapeutics.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Life Cycle ofAnnual review of microbiology · 2019Review
- Cryptococcus neoformans resists to drastic conditions by switching to viable but non-culturable cell phenotype.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics of Fungal Pathogenesis, Host-Fungal Interactions, and Antifungal Development.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- A new identified suppressor of Cdc7p/SepH kinase, PomA, regulates fungal asexual reproduction via affecting phosphorylation of MAPK-HogA.PLoS genetics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Spores are an essential cell type required for long-term survival across diverse organisms in the tree of life and are a hallmark of fungal reproduction, persistence, and dispersal. Among human fungal pathogens, spores are presumed infectious particles, but relatively little is known about this robust cell type. Here we used the meningitis-causing fungus Cryptococcus neoformans to determine the roles of spore-resident proteins in spore biology. Using highly sensitive nanoscale liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, we compared the proteomes of spores and vegetative cells (yeast) and identified eighteen proteins specifically enriched in spores. The genes encoding these proteins were deleted, and the resulting strains were evaluated for discernable phenotypes. We hypothesized that spore-enriched proteins would be preferentially involved in spore-specific processes such as dormancy, stress resistance, and germination. Surprisingly, however, the majority of the mutants harbored defects in sexual development, the process by which spores are formed. One mutant in the cohort was defective in the spore-specific process of germination, showing a delay specifically in the initiation of vegetative growth. Thus, by using this in-depth proteomics approach as a screening tool for cell type-specific proteins and combining it with molecular genetics, we successfully identified the first germination factor in C. neoformans. We also identified numerous proteins with previously unknown functions in both sexual development and spore composition. Our findings provide the first insights into the basic protein components of infectious spores and reveal unexpected molecular connections between infectious particle production and spore composition in a pathogenic eukaryote.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.