ArticleThe World Allergy Organization journal2015
Effects of environment on human cytokine responses during childhood in the tropics: role of urban versus rural residence.
Article in The World Allergy Organization journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Understanding and controlling asthma in Latin America: A review of recent research informed by the SCAALA programme.Clinical and translational allergy · 2023Review
- Maternal internal migration and child growth and nutritional health in Peru: an analysis of the demographic and health surveys from 1991 to 2017.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Pollution, Inflammation, and Vaccines: A Complex Crosstalk.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in African children from rural and urban communities with atopic dermatitis.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Soil-transmitted helminth parasites and allergy: Observations from Ecuador.Parasite immunology · 2019Review
- Increased T Cell Differentiation and Cytolytic Function in Bangladeshi Compared to American Children.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Schistosoma haematobium effects on Plasmodium falciparum infection modified by soil-transmitted helminths in school-age children living in rural areas of Gabon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Urban vs rural residency and allergy prevalence among adult women: Iowa Women's Health Study.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2018Article
- Immune Profile of Honduran Schoolchildren with Intestinal Parasites: The Skewed Response against Geohelminths.Journal of parasitology research · 2016Article
- Effects of poor hygiene on cytokine phenotypes in children in the tropics.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnvironment may have a key role in the development of the immune system in childhood and environmental exposures associated with rural residence may explain the low prevalence of allergic and autoimmune diseases in the rural tropics. We investigated the effects of urban versus rural residence on the adaptive immune response in children living in urban and rural areas in a tropical region of Latin America.
methodsWe recruited school children in either rural communities in the Province of Esmeraldas or in urban neighborhoods in the city of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. We collected data on environmental exposures by questionnaire and on intestinal parasites by examination of stool samples. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in whole blood were stimulated with superantigen, parasite antigens and aeroallergens and IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17 were measured in supernatants.
resultsWe evaluated 440 school children; 210 living in rural communities and 230 in the city of Esmeraldas. Overall, urban children had greater access to piped water (urban 98.7 % vs. rural 1.9 %), were more likely to have a household bathroom (urban 97.4 % vs. rural 54.8 %), and were less likely to be infected with soil-transmitted helminth infections (urban 20.9 % vs. rural 73.5 %). Generally, detectable levels of cytokines were more frequent in blood from children living in urban than rural areas. Urban residence was associated with a significantly greater frequency of IL-10 production spontaneously (adjusted OR 2.56, 95 % CI 1.05-6.24) and on stimulation with Ascaris (adj. OR 2.5, 95 % CI 1.09-5.79) and house dust mite (adj. 2.24, 95 % CI 1.07-4.70) antigens. Analysis of effects of environmental exposures on SEB-induced IL-10 production within urban and rural populations showed that some environmental exposures indicative of poor hygiene (urban - higher birth order, A. lumbricoides infection; rural - no bathroom, more peri-domiciliary animals, and living in a wood/bamboo house) were associated with elevated IL-10.
conclusionsIn our study population, the immune response of children living in an urban environment was associated more frequently with the production of the immune regulatory cytokine, IL-10. Some factors related to poor hygiene and living conditions were associated with elevated IL-10 production within urban and rural populations.
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