ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Pel is a cationic exopolysaccharide that cross-links extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 348 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
348 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Microbial Community Associations With Listeria monocytogenes in Food Processing Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025Pooled it
- TheVirulence · 2026Article
- PslG-Mediated Disruption ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Temperature-dependent reprogramming of virulence traits duringbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Co-Expression of PA0290 and PelD EnhancesMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Bimetallic-Node-Occupied MOF With Glycoside Hydrolase Activity for Efficient Bacterial Biofilm Hydrolysis.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- The power of ten: report from the 10th American Society for Microbiology Conference on Biofilms.Journal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Beyond probiotics: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus as a multi-target antagonist of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles at the Crossroads of Immune Regulation and Biofilm Dynamics: Biogenesis, Comparative Analysis, and Translational Challenges.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Structural basis of biofilm formation mediated by thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Antibiotic exposure and recovery of persister states influence virulence phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Role of cell-associated and secretion-independent virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in microbial keratitis and anti-virulence therapeutic strategies.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacillus cereus PelAThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- The dual role of the microbiome in chronic wound management.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of Pel-Derived Glycoconjugate Vaccine Candidates againstJACS Au · 2026Article
- The Effects of Baicalin in Combination with Cefotaxime on the Biofilm and Metabolic Reprogramming of Multidrug-ResistantBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Extracellular matrix chemistry tunes bacterial biofilm metabolism and optimizes fitness.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Glycoside hydrolases enhance antibiotic activity againstMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- c-di-GMP is a key regulator of Pseudomonas aeruginosa response to UVA radiation.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026Article
288 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a complex, ordered process. In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. Despite intensive study, Pel's chemical structure and spatial localization within mature biofilms remain unknown. Using specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses, we unexpectedly found that Pel is a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Guided by the knowledge of Pel's sugar composition, we developed a tool for the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms by combining Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining with confocal microscopy. The results indicate that Pel cross-links eDNA in the biofilm stalk via ionic interactions. Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.