ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2015
Ethnic enclaves and risk of psychiatric disorders among first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- The ethnic density effect in psychosis: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2021Pooled it
- Ethnic density effects for adult mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies.Psychological medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Working conditions and mental health of employees suffering from common mental disorders in Germany with special consideration to the migration generation.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- A matter of measurement? A Swedish register-based study of migrant residential segregation and all-cause mortality.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Parental mental disorders and school performance among non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden.Journal of migration and health · 2025Article
- A comparison of neighbourhood level variation and risk factors for affective versus non-affective psychosis.Schizophrenia research · 2023Article
- Neighbourhood context and diagnosed mental health conditions among immigrant and non-immigrant youth: a population-based cohort study in British Columbia, Canada.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Article
- Migrating Populations and Health: Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Syndrome.Current hypertension reports · 2022Review
- Where to Retire? Experiences of Older African Immigrants in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Characterizing individuals accessing mental health services in the UAE: a focus on youth living in Dubai.International journal of mental health systems · 2021Article
- Immigrant enclaves and risk of drug involvement among asylum-seeking immigrants in Sweden: A quasi-experimental study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- A "Swiss paradox" in the United States? Level of spatial aggregation changes the association between income inequality and morbidity for older Americans.International journal of health geographics · 2019Article
- Ethnic density, urbanicity and psychosis risk for migrant groups - A population cohort study.Schizophrenia research · 2017Article
- What do register-based studies tell us about migrant mental health? A scoping review.Systematic reviews · 2017Article
- Response to "Letter on ethnic density and suicide: interpretation of results as a protective ethnic density effect is premature".Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2016Article
- Characterizing social environment's association with neurocognition using census and crime data linked to the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort.Psychological medicine · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSome non-Western immigrant groups in Europe have elevated risk of psychosis relative to native-born. It is hypothesized that neighborhood ethnic density moderates this risk. Immigration to Sweden has increased substantially recently, particularly from the Middle East. This study examined the relationship between neighborhood ethnic density (i.e., living in an immigrant enclave) and risk of psychotic and affective disorders among three groups: Iraqi immigrants, immigrants from other nations, and native-born Swedes.
methodsIndividuals aged 15-60, without prevalent psychopathology, were drawn from Swedish population-based registries and followed from 2005 to 2010 (N = 950,979). Multi-level logistic regression was used to examine the association between neighborhood ethnic composition and incident psychopathology.
resultsCumulative incidence of psychopathology was greater in Iraqi enclaves relative to predominantly Swedish neighborhoods (6.3 vs. 4.5%). Iraqis living in enclaves did not have significantly greater risk of psychosis (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.92-2.97) or affective disorders (OR: 1.04, 95%CI 0.85-1.27) relative to those in predominantly Swedish neighborhoods. There was no increased risk of psychosis (OR: 0.93, p > 0.05) or affective disorders (OR: 0.93, p > 0.05) for other immigrants living in an enclave. Swedes living in an enclave had elevated risk of both psychosis (OR: 1.37, p < 0.05) and affective disorders (OR: 1.14, p < 0.05) relative to those in predominantly Swedish neighborhoods. Second-generation Iraqis had higher risk of psychotic but not affective disorders relative to first-generation.
conclusionsNeighborhood ethnic density does not moderate risk of psychopathology for immigrants in Sweden. Findings regarding Swedes are consistent with social drift.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.