ArticleTropical animal health and production2015
Resistance status of ticks (Acari; Ixodidae) to amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides in Isoka District, Zambia.
Article in Tropical animal health and production, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prioritizing smallholder animal health needs in East Africa, West Africa, and South Asia using three approaches: Literature review, expert workshops, and practitioner surveys.Preventive veterinary medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Exploring farmers' knowledge, attitudes and control practices on ixodid tick in the context of climate change of South Kivu province, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- From protection to pollution: Evaluating environmental and human health risks of acaricide use in dairy farming in Kenya.PloS one · 2025Article
- Farmers' Adoption, Knowledge, and Perceptions of Tick Control Measures on Dairy Farms in Subtropical Areas of Continental Ecuador.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Spatial distribution of Glossina morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Zambia: A vehicle-mounted sticky trap survey and Maxent species distribution model.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Molecular Characterization of Octopamine/Tyramine Receptor Gene of Amitraz-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Acaricides Resistance in Ticks: Selection, Diagnosis, Mechanisms, and Mitigation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks collected from different farming systems in Zimbabwe.Tropical animal health and production · 2021Article
- First tick and tick damage perception survey among sedentary and transhumant pastoralists in Burkina Faso and Benin.Veterinary medicine and science · 2021Article
- Strategies for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in a world of conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance.Parasitology research · 2018Review
- Genetic parameters for tick counts across months for different tick species and anatomical locations in South African Nguni cattle.Tropical animal health and production · 2017Article
- A comparison of nonlinear mixed models and response to selection of tick-infestation on lambs.PloS one · 2017Article
- Article
- In vitro acaricidal activity of Bobgunnia madagascariensis Desv. against Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius) (Acari: Ixodidae).Tropical animal health and production · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study was designed to obtain data on the farmer's approach to tick control and to determine whether Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neuman, Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius), and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) were resistant to amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides, in Isoka District, Zambia. Prevailing tick control practices were documented by administering a semi-structured questionnaire to 80 randomly selected smallholder livestock farmers from four agricultural camps (Longwe, Kantenshya, Kapililonga, and Ndeke) in Isoka District. Modified larval packet test (LPT) bioassay experiments were used to determine the resistance status of the common tick species against amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides. Fifty percent of respondents practiced chemical tick control with amitraz (27 %) and cypermethrin (23 %) being the acaricides in use, and were applied with knapsack sprayers. Less than 3 l of spray wash per animal was used which was considerably lower than the recommended delivery rate of 10 l of spray wash per animal. No significant susceptibility change to amitraz at 95 % confidence level was observed in R. appendiculatus and A. variegatum against amitraz. However, a significant change in the susceptibility of R. (Bo.) microplus tested with amitraz was detected at 95 % confidence. The test population had a lower susceptibility (LD50 0.014 %; LD90 0.023 %) than the reference population (LD50 0.013 %; LD90 0.020 %). The results indicated that resistance to amitraz was developing in R. (Bo.) microplus. For cypermethrin, no significant susceptibility change at 95 % confidence was observed in any of the three species and thus resistance to this chemical was not observed.
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Registered trials
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