ArticleBMJ open2015
Environmental tobacco smoke and the risk of eczema symptoms among school children in South Africa: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Self-Reported Socio-Economic Conditions, Air Pollution Sources and Eczema Symptoms Amongst Teenagers in Soshanguve, Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, South Africa.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Household and Environmental Determinants Influencing Atopic Dermatitis Among Young Rural Children in the Ehlanzeni District Municipality.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Association between Outdoor and Indoor Air Pollution Sources and Atopic Eczema among Preschool Children in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Association of childhood rhinitis with phthalate acid esters in household dust in Shanghai residences.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2022Observational
- The Frequency of Fast Food Consumption in Relation to Wheeze and Asthma Among Adolescents in Gauteng and North West Provinces, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Rates of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from various indoor environments among US children and nonsmoker adolescents and adults.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrection.2015
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between eczema ever (EE) and current eczema symptoms (ES) in relation to exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).
designA cross-sectional study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire.
setting16 schools were randomly selected from two neighbourhoods situated in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, South Africa.
participantsFrom a total population of 3764 school children aged 12-14 years, 3468 completed the questionnaire (92% response rate). A total of 3424 questionnaires were included in the final data analysis. PRIMARY OUTCOME: The prevalence of EE and current ES was the primary outcome in this study.
resultsData were analysed using Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis (MLRA). The likelihood of EE was increased by exposure to ETS at home (OR 1.30 95% CI 1.01 to 1.67) and at school (OR 1.26 95% CI 1.00 to 1.60). The likelihood of EE was lower for males (OR 0.66 95% CI 0.51 to 0.84). The likelihood of ES was increased by ETS at home (OR 1.93 95% CI 1.43 to 2.59) and school (1.44 95% CI 1.09 to 1.90). The likelihood of ES was again lower for males (OR 0.56 95% CI 0.42 to 0.76). Smoking by mother/female guardian increased the likelihood of EE and ES, however, this was not significant in the multivariate analysis.
conclusionsSymptoms of eczema were positively associated with exposure to ETS at home and school. The results support the hypothesis that ETS is an important factor in understanding the occurrence of eczema.
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