ArticleTobacco induced diseases2015
Assessment of nicotine dependence among smokers in Nepal: a community based cross-sectional study.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Comparative Evaluation of Hearing and Psychological Distress in Smokers and Non-smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Assessment of nicotine dependence among tobacco users in a rural area of Salem, Tamilnadu: Community based cross sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Compliance status of tobacco control laws in the university setting of Bangladesh: an analytical study followed a mixed-method approach.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Client's perception toward services of smoking cessation clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Prevalence and predictors of postcholecystectomy syndrome in Nepalese patients after 1 week of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Smoking Habits and Nicotine Dependence Among the General Lebanese Population Before and During Both the Economic Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic.Tobacco use insights · 2024Article
- Agreement between the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and the heaviness of smoking index (HSI) for assessing the intensity of nicotine dependence among daily smokers.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Nicotine dependence and quitting stages of smokers in Nepal: A community based cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Factors related to the success of smoking cessation: A retrospective cohort study in Korea.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Assessment of nicotine dependence among tobacco users visiting outreach programs in Dharan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Factors Associated With Quitting Smoking in Indonesia.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2021Article
- Characteristics of Hardcore Male Smokers in Taiwan: A Qualitative Study.Asian/Pacific Island nursing journal · 2020Article
- Level of tobacco dependence among tobacco users in an urban slum of Puducherry: A pilot study.Journal of family medicine and primary careArticle
- Prevalence of Physical Nicotine Dependence and its Determinants among Tobacco users in the Rural Field Practice Area of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tamil Nadu, India.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) are extensively used methods to measure the severity of nicotine dependence among smokers. The primary objective of the study was to assess the nicotine dependence amongst currently smoking Nepalese population.
methodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted between August and November 2014. Information was collected using semi-structured questionnaire from three districts of Nepal. Data on demographic characteristics, history of tobacco use and level of nicotine dependence were collected from 587 smokers through face to face interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Non-parametric test were used to compare significant differences among different variables.
resultsThe median age of respondents was 28 (Inter-Quartile Range: 22-40) years and the median duration of smoking was 10 (5-15) years. Similarly, the median age for smoking initiation was 16 (13-20) years and the median smoking pack year was 4.2 (1.5-12). One third of the respondents consumed smokeless tobacco products. Half of the respondents wanted to quit smoking. The median score for FTND and HSI was 4 (2-5) and 2 (0-3) respectively. There was significant difference in median FTND score with place of residence (p = 0.03), year of smoking (p = 0.03), age at smoking initiation (p = 0.02), smoking pack year (p < 0.001) and consumption of smokeless products (p < 0.05). Similarly, there was also significant difference in median HSI score with year of smoking (p = 0.002), age of smoking initiation (p < 0.001), smoking pack year (p < 0.001), and consumption of smokeless products (p < 0.05). As per FTND test score, two in ten current smokers had high nicotine dependence (FTND > 6), and HSI scored that three in ten current smokers had high nicotine dependence (HSI > 3).
conclusionOur finding revealed that nicotine dependence is prevalent among Nepalese smoking population. Further studies are required for assurance of tools through bio-markers. Next, smoking cessation program need to be developed considering level of nicotine dependence and pattern of tobacco use.
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