Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26308444›Full record

ArticlePloS one2015

Calling Biomarkers in Milk Using a Protein Microarray on Your Smartphone.

Susann K J Ludwig, Christian Tokarski, Stefan N Lang, Leendert A van Ginkel, Hongying Zhu, Aydogan Ozcan, Michel W F Nielen

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Susann K J LudwigRIKILT Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Christian TokarskiBiologisch-Pharmazeutische Fakultät, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany.
Stefan N LangBiologisch-Pharmazeutische Fakultät, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany.
Leendert A van GinkelRIKILT Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Hongying ZhuElectrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Aydogan OzcanElectrical Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America; Bioengineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States America; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Michel W F NielenRIKILT Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Wageningen University & Research · NLFriedrich Schiller University Jena · DECalifornia NanoSystems Institute · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Here we present the concept of a protein microarray-based fluorescence immunoassay for multiple biomarker detection in milk extracts by an ordinary smartphone. A multiplex immunoassay was designed on a microarray chip, having built-in positive and negative quality controls. After the immunoassay procedure, the 48 microspots were labelled with Quantum Dots (QD) depending on the protein biomarker levels in the sample. QD-fluorescence was subsequently detected by the smartphone camera under UV light excitation from LEDs embedded in a simple 3D-printed opto-mechanical smartphone attachment. The somewhat aberrant images obtained under such conditions, were corrected by newly developed Android-based software on the same smartphone, and protein biomarker profiles were calculated. The indirect detection of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in milk extracts based on altered biomarker profile of anti-rbST antibodies was selected as a real-life challenge. RbST-treated and untreated cows clearly showed reproducible treatment-dependent biomarker profiles in milk, in excellent agreement with results from a flow cytometer reference method. In a pilot experiment, anti-rbST antibody detection was multiplexed with the detection of another rbST-dependent biomarker, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Milk extract IGF-1 levels were found to be increased after rbST treatment and correlated with the results obtained from the reference method. These data clearly demonstrate the potential of the portable protein microarray concept towards simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers. We envisage broad application of this 'protein microarray on a smartphone'-concept for on-site testing, e.g., in food safety, environment and health monitoring.

Indexed as

SmartphoneAnimalsBiomarkersCattleGrowth HormoneImmunoassayMilkProtein Array AnalysisBiomarkersGrowth Hormone

Identifiers

PMID26308444
PMCPMC4550345
OpenAlexW1878274549

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.