Observational studyDiabetes2015
Genetic Evidence for a Causal Role of Obesity in Diabetic Kidney Disease.
Observational study in Diabetes, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic Risk Scores Identify People at High Risk of Developing Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis and omics integration identifies novel genes associated with diabetic kidney disease.Diabetologia · 2022Pooled it
- A variant within the FTO confers susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Global prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Chronic kidney disease in Romania: national adjusted prevalence, risk factors, and temporal trends in high-risk groups.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Classification of Japanese type 1 diabetes based on clinical phenotypes and its association with diabetic complications: Across-sectional study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Observational
- Association between abdominal fat distribution and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Lessons learned from the FinnDiane Study: Epidemiology and metabolic risk factors for diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025Review
- Study on the association between visceral adiposity index and diabetic kidney disease in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Mendelian Randomization Studies: Opening a New Window in the Study of Metabolic Diseases and Chronic Kidney Disease.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- The impact of weight loss on renal function in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal factors behind diabetic nephropathy: evidence, opportunities, and challenges.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- The causal relationship between 5 serum lipid parameters and diabetic nephropathy: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Separating the effects of life course adiposity on diabetic nephropathy: a comprehensive multivariable Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Global burden and influencing factors of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes in adults aged 20-59 years, 1990-2019.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Mendelian randomization study on causal effects of 25(OH) vitamin D levels on diabetic nephropathy.BMC nephrology · 2023Article
- Genetic and epigenetic background of diabetic kidney disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease in US Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Waist-Height Ratio and the Risk of Severe Diabetic Eye Disease in Type 1 Diabetes: A 15-Year Cohort Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Observational
- Multi-Faceted Influence of Obesity on Type 1 Diabetes in Children - From Disease Pathogenesis to Complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity has been posited as an independent risk factor for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but establishing causality from observational data is problematic. We aimed to test whether obesity is causally related to DKD using Mendelian randomization, which exploits the random assortment of genes during meiosis. In 6,049 subjects with type 1 diabetes, we used a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) comprised of 32 validated BMI loci as an instrument to test the relationship of BMI with macroalbuminuria, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or DKD defined as presence of macroalbuminuria or ESRD. We compared these results with cross-sectional and longitudinal observational associations. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated a U-shaped relationship of BMI with development of macroalbuminuria, ESRD, or DKD over time. Cross-sectional observational analysis showed no association with overall DKD, higher odds of macroalbuminuria (for every 1 kg/m(2) higher BMI, odds ratio [OR] 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07, P < 0.001), and lower odds of ESRD (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.97, P < 0.001). Mendelian randomization analysis showed a 1 kg/m(2) higher BMI conferring an increased risk in macroalbuminuria (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11-1.45, P = 0.001), ESRD (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20-1.72, P < 0.001), and DKD (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.17-1.51, P < 0.001). Our results provide genetic evidence for a causal link between obesity and DKD in type 1 diabetes. As obesity prevalence rises, this finding predicts an increase in DKD prevalence unless intervention should occur.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.