Observational studyThe British journal of ophthalmology2016
Graded vertical rectus tenotomy for small-angle cyclovertical strabismus in sagging eye syndrome.
Observational study in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and prognosis of sagging eye syndrome in Japanese population.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Efficacy of the double-dose medial rectus muscle recession technique for sagging eye syndrome with esotropia of 10-prism diopters or less at distance.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Laterality Targeting in Graded Inferior Rectus Tenotomy Corrects Lateral Incomitance of Hypertropia in Sagging Eye Syndrome.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Biomechanics Explains Variability of Response of Small Hypertropia to Graded Vertical Rectus Tenotomy.American journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Masquerading Superior Oblique Palsy.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Can Binocular Alignment Distinguish Hypertropia in Sagging Eye Syndrome From Superior Oblique Palsy?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Sagging eye syndrome.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Functional Anatomy of Muscle Mechanisms: Compensating Vertical Heterophoria.American journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Inferior rectus displacement in heavy eye syndrome and sagging eye syndrome.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2020Article
- Prevalence of Sagging Eye Syndrome in Adults with Binocular Diplopia.American journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Long-term Surgical Outcomes in the Sagging Eye Syndrome.Strabismus · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsGraded vertical rectus tenotomy (GVRT) is postulated as effective for small-angle vertical heterotropia. We aimed to determine the dosing recommendations for GVRT in sagging eye syndrome (SES).
methodsThis was a retrospective, observational study of surgical outcomes for GVRT from 2009 to 2014 in a single surgeon's academic practice. There were 37 (20 women) patients of average age 68±10 (SD) years with comitant or incomitant hypertropia ≤10Δ caused by SES. The main outcome measure was the dose-effect of GVRT required to correct intraoperative hypertropia.
resultsPreoperative average central gaze hypertropia measured 4.7±2.2Δ. Three patients underwent repeat GVRT for residual or consecutive hypertropia, one undergoing it twice. All surgeries were analysed, increasing the total operations to 41. The inferior rectus tendon in the hypotropic eye was operated in 32 eyes, and the superior rectus tendon in the hypertropic eye in 9 eyes. Mean tenotomy was 68±19% of tendon width. Hypertropia was always eliminated intraoperatively by progressive GVRT. Mean hypertropia was 1.1±1.6Δ at average 93 days postoperatively. Linear regression demonstrated that 3-6Δ hypertropia correction requires 30%-90% graded tenotomy (R(2)=0.32, p<0.0001), but with substantial individual variability. Undercorrection necessitated reoperation in 10% of cases.
conclusionGVRT precisely corrects hypertropia of up to 10Δ, but because of variable effect, it should be performed with intraoperative monitoring under topical anaesthesia.
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