ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2015
Neuroinflammation: Ways in Which the Immune System Affects the Brain.
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 145 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
145 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 237 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroinflammation as a Link in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Aging and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Targeting Inflammatory Mediators in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review of Its Molecular Basis and Clinical Applications.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of prenatal exposure to NOEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2020Pooled it
- Relationships between Mitochondrial Function, AMPK, and TORC1 Signaling in Lymphoblasts with Premutation Alleles of the FMR1 Gene.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Trial
- Serum and cerebrospinal fluid immune mediators in children with autistic disorder: a longitudinal study.Molecular autism · 2017Trial
- Neuron-derived SPP1 instructs microglia to limit degeneration.Science advances · 2026Article
- Brain network alterations in autoimmune diseases: Current status and future prospects.iScience · 2026Review
- Dietary allergen promotes sex-specific leukocyte trafficking and alters the brain immune cell populations in subclinically sensitized mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- TREM2 in neurodegeneration and diseases.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Postoperative Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Following Resection of an Insular Astrocytoma: A Case Report.Brain tumor research and treatment · 2026Article
- Article
- 7-hydroxy flavones, isolated bioflavonoids, ameliorate LPS-induced AD via inhibition of the NFKB pathway.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Gut-brain axis in health and brain disease.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Mechanistic of LRRK2-Mediated Pyroptosis Via the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Pathway in Parkinson's Disease Progression.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Interleukin-9 Regulates NF-kB-Mediated Activation of Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis Brain.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Navigating the Ethereal Tightrope: The Nanogenerator Manipulates Neurons for Immune Equilibrium.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Ultraviolet radiation and neurodegeneration: molecular mechanisms underlying dual neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Impact of Oral Immunity on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Initial assessment of blood-brain barrier permeability alterations and associated clinical characteristics in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: Insights from DCE-MRI.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Structure matters: commensalFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is the response of the central nervous system (CNS) to disturbed homeostasis and typifies all neurological diseases. The main reactive components of the CNS include microglial cells and infiltrating myeloid cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and the blood-brain barrier, cytokines, and cytokine signaling. Neuroinflammatory responses may be helpful or harmful, as mechanisms associated with neuroinflammation are involved in normal brain development, as well as in neuropathological processes. This review examines the roles of various cell types that contribute to the immune dysregulation associated with neuroinflammation. Microglia enter the CNS very early in embryonic development and, as such, play an essential role in both the healthy and diseased brain. B-cell diversity contributes to CNS disease through both antibody-dependent and antibody-independent mechanisms. The influences of these B-cell mechanisms on other cell types, including myeloid cells and T cells, are reviewed in relationship to antibody-mediated CNS disorders, paraneoplastic neurological diseases, and multiple sclerosis. New insights into neuroinflammation offer exciting opportunities to investigate potential therapeutic targets for debilitating CNS diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.