ArticleJournal of reward deficiency syndrome
The Molecular Neurobiology of Twelve Steps Program & Fellowship: Connecting the Dots for Recovery.
Article in Journal of reward deficiency syndrome. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proposing a "Brain Health Checkup (BHC)" as a Global Potential "Standard of Care" to Overcome Reward Dysregulation in Primary Care Medicine: Coupling Genetic Risk Testing and Induction of "Dopamine Homeostasis".International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): A Common Neurogenetic Trait/State of All Addictions: Is this the new DSM?British journal of healthcare and medical research · 2026Article
- Beyond Stigma-Integrating Neurobiology, Genetics, and Awareness Integration Theory in Addiction Recovery.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- Can Psychedelics help with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): For now, the data says no.Science academique · 2026Article
- Neurospirituality Connectome - Role in Neurology and Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS).Neurology (E-Cronicon) · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive 4-layeredCurrent pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Article
- Summary Document Research on RDS Anti-addiction Modeling: Annotated Bibliography.Journal of addiction psychiatry · 2024Article
- Futuristic Thinking about Engineering "Geneospirituality" to Help Prevent Relapse of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Behaviors.EC psychology and psychiatry · 2023Article
- Opioid use disorder: current trends and potential treatments.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- DNA Directed Pro-Dopamine Regulation Coupling Subluxation Repair, H-WaveJournal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): A Cytoarchitectural Common Neurobiological Trait of All Addictions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Neurobiology and Spirituality in Addiction Recovery.Acta scientific neurology · 2021Article
- Molecular neuro-biological and systemic health benefits of achieving dopamine homeostasis in the face of a catastrophic pandemic (COVID- 19): A mechanistic exploration.Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience · 2020Article
- Death by Opioids: Are there non-addictive scientific solutions?Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience · 2019Article
- Promoting Precision Addiction Management (PAM) to Combat the Global Opioid Crisis.Biomedical journal of scientific & technical research · 2018Article
- The Benefits of Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARSInternational journal of genomics and data mining · 2018Article
- Loneliness and its impact on quality of life in Chinese heroin-dependent patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Lyme and Dopaminergic Function: Hypothesizing Reduced Reward Deficiency Symptomatology by Regulating Dopamine Transmission.Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience · 2017Article
- Pro-Dopamine Regulator - (KB220) to Balance Brain Reward Circuitry in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS).Journal of reward deficiency syndrome and addiction science · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
There are some who suggest that alcoholism and drug abuse are not diseases at all and that they are not consequences of a brain disorder as espoused recently by the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). Some would argue that addicts can quit on their own and moderate their alcohol and drug intake. When they present to a treatment program or enter the 12 Step Program & Fellowship, many addicts finally achieve complete abstinence. However, when controlled drinking fails, there may be successful alternatives that fit particular groups of individuals. In this expert opinion, we attempt to identify personal differences in recovery, by clarifying the molecular neurobiological basis of each step of the 12 Step Program. We explore the impact that the molecular neurobiological basis of the 12 steps can have on Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) despite addiction risk gene polymorphisms. This exploration has already been accomplished in part by Blum and others in a 2013 Springer Neuroscience Brief. The purpose of this expert opinion is to briefly, outline the molecular neurobiological and genetic links, especially as they relate to the role of epigenetic changes that are possible in individuals who regularly attend AA meetings. It begs the question as to whether "12 steps programs and fellowship" does induce neuroplasticity and continued dopamine D2 receptor proliferation despite carrying hypodopaminergic type polymorphisms such as DRD2 A1 allele. "Like-minded" doctors of ASAM are cognizant that patients in treatment without the "
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.