ArticleWestern Pacific surveillance and response journal : WPSAR
Investigation of hepatitis A outbreak in district of Manjung, Perak, Malaysia, October 2012.
Article in Western Pacific surveillance and response journal : WPSAR. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Long-Term Surveillance of Food Products of Diverse Origins: A Five-Year Survey of Hepatitis A and Norovirus in Greece, 2019-2024.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Shifting Epidemiology of Hepatitis A in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Probable Nipa Palm Wine-Associated Hepatitis A Outbreak after Attending a Funeral Ceremony in Sabah.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2021Article
- Age-period-cohort analysis of hepatitis A incidence rates in Korea from 2002 to 2012.Epidemiology and health · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn September 2012, 10 cases suspected to be hepatitis A were notified to the Manjung District Health Department. An investigation was conducted to identify the possible mode of transmission, source of the outbreak and to recommend prevention and control measures.
methodsA case was a person with acute illness with discrete onset of symptoms and jaundice or elevated serum aminotransferase levels in September 2012 in the Manjung District. We conducted a case-control study and environmental assessments of processing plants and food premises.
resultsThere were 78 confirmed cases of hepatitis A; an attack rate of 3.1 per 10,000 population. Multiple logistic regression showed that being male (odds ratio [OR]: 18.4 [5.13-65.9]; P < 0.001) and drinking toddy at processing place A (Adjusted OR: 2.70 [1.17-6.25]; P < 0.05) were associated with being a case. Environmental investigations of this and one other processing place found them to be unhygienic, and the pH of the toddy was at levels that encouraged growth of hepatitis A virus.
conclusionToddy was possibly the primary source of this outbreak based on both epidemiological and environmental results. Both toddy preparation places and several food premises were closed as a result of this investigation.
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