ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Provirophages in the Bigelowiella genome bear testimony to past encounters with giant viruses.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
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58 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Uncovering novel virophages and giant viruses in high-altitude Lake Namtso: diversity and evolution of host-virus-virophage tripartite interaction systems.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Unveiling the cryptic diversity and distribution of elements related to virophage mavirus through deep mining of pPolB proteins.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- A Polinton-like Virus ofViruses · 2026Article
- Strain-level diversity of giant viruses infecting chlorarachniophyte algae in the subtropical North Pacific.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Endogenized polinton-like viruses in the dinoflagellateThe Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Genome-resolved biogeography of Phaeocystales, cosmopolitan bloom-forming algae.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The polinton-like supergroup of viruses: evolution, molecular biology, and taxonomy.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Virophages, Satellite Viruses, Virophage Replication and Its Effects and Virophage Defence Mechanisms for Giant Virus Hosts and Giant Virus Defence Systems against Virophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Genomic analyses of Symbiomonas scintillans show no evidence for endosymbiotic bacteria but does reveal the presence of giant viruses.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Endogenous virophages are active and mitigate giant virus infection in the marine protistProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of cell-virus-virophage systems.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Widespread occurrence and diverse origins of polintoviruses influence lineage-specific genome dynamics in stony corals.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Virophages Found in Viromes from Lake Baikal.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Virophages-Known and Unknown Facts.Viruses · 2023Review
- Epigenetic influences of mobile genetic elements on ciliate genome architecture and evolution.The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology · 2022Review
- Viral Complexity.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Article
- Isolation and Identification of a Large Green Alga Virus (Journal of virology · 2022Article
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Abstract
Virophages are recently discovered double-stranded DNA virus satellites that prey on giant viruses (nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses; NCLDVs), which are themselves parasites of unicellular eukaryotes. This coupled parasitism can result in the indirect control of eukaryotic cell mortality by virophages. However, the details of such tripartite relationships remain largely unexplored. We have discovered ∼300 predicted genes of putative virophage origin in the nuclear genome of the unicellular alga Bigelowiella natans. Physical clustering of these genes indicates that virophage genomes are integrated into the B. natans genome. Virophage inserts show high levels of similarity and synteny between each other, indicating that they are closely related. Virophage genes are transcribed not only in the sequenced B. natans strain but also in other Bigelowiella isolates, suggesting that transcriptionally active virophage inserts are widespread in Bigelowiella populations. Evidence that B. natans is also a host to NCLDV members is provided by the identification of NCLDV inserts in its genome. These putative large DNA viruses may be infected by B. natans virophages. We also identify four repeated elements sharing structural and genetic similarities with transpovirons--a class of mobile elements first discovered in giant viruses--that were probably independently inserted in the B. natans genome. We argue that endogenized provirophages may be beneficial to both the virophage and B. natans by (i) increasing the chances for the virophage to coinfect the host cell with an NCLDV prey and (ii) defending the host cell against fatal NCLDV infections.
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