ArticlePloS one2015
Unravelling the Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Biofilm: A Multiplex Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assay Using Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotics reduce the recurrence of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis in Chinese women.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Treatment of biofilms in bacterial vaginosis by an amphoteric tenside pessary-clinical study and microbiota analysis.Microbiome · 2017Trial
- A Comparison of Colorimetric Assessment of Vaginal pH with Nugent Score for the Detection of Bacterial Vaginosis.Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2017Trial
- Microbiota and inflammatory factor profiles in different stages of bacterial vaginosis formation and recurrence.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Article
- Elucidation of vaginal microbiota of women associated with bacterial vaginosis from Northern region of India.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- A Dive into the Invisible: The Vaginal and Endometrial Microbiota in Gynecologic and Obstetric Disorders: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Spatial organization ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Advances in multi-omics and aging clock research for female reproductive health and aging.MedScience · 2026Review
- Article
- Methods to characterize the vaginal microbiome in a rhesus macaque model of simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) transmission uncover epithelium-associated enrichment ofCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Genetic transformation ofInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Investigating Bacterial Vaginosis Pathogenesis Using Peptide Nucleic Acid-FluorescenceOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Vaginal pharmacomicrobiomics modulates risk of persistent and recurrent bacterial vaginosis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Combatting antibiotic resistance in Gardnerella vaginalis: A comparative in silico investigation for drug target identification.PloS one · 2025Article
- Phase variable colony variants are conserved acrossmSphere · 2024Article
- Synergistic anti-virulence efficacy of citral and carvacrol against mixed vaginitis causing Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis: An in vitro and in vivo study.The Journal of antibiotics · 2024Article
- Untargeted metabolomics uncovers prime pathways linked to antibacterial action of citral against bacterial vaginosis-causingHeliyon · 2024Article
- Beyond antibiotics: CRISPR/Cas9 triumph over biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a condition defined by increased vaginal discharge without significant inflammation, is characterized by a change in the bacterial composition of the vagina. Lactobacillus spp., associated with a healthy vaginal microbiome, are outnumbered by BV-associated organisms. These bacteria could form a polymicrobial biofilm which allows them to persist in spite of antibiotic treatment. In this study, we examined the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae in vaginal biofilms using Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) probes targeting these bacteria. For this purpose, we developed three new PNA probes for A. vaginae. The most specific A. vaginae probe, AtoITM1, was selected and then used in an assay with two existing probes, Gard162 and BacUni-1, to evaluate multiplex FISH on clinical samples. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as the gold standard, we demonstrated a sensitivity of 66.7% (95% confidence interval: 54.5% - 77.1%) and a specificity of 89.4% (95% confidence interval: 76.1% - 96%) of the new AtoITM1 probe. FISH enabled us to show the presence of a polymicrobial biofilm in bacterial vaginosis, in which Atopobium vaginae is part of a Gardnerella vaginalis-dominated biofilm. We showed that the presence of this biofilm is associated with high bacterial loads of A. vaginae and G. vaginalis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.