Observational studyOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2016
Smoking, smoking cessation, and fracture risk in elderly women followed for 10 years.
Observational study in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for refracture after vertebral augmentation in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Pooled it
- The 2024 UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Guideline
- Osteoporosis in COPD patients: Risk factors and pulmonary rehabilitation.The clinical respiratory journal · 2022Pooled it
- UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2022Guideline
- The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review.Journal of environmental and public health · 2018Pooled it
- The associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the risk of total fracture and hip fracture.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017Pooled it
- Ten tips to reduce fracture risk by non-pharmacologic interventions in CKD-associated osteoporosis.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Impact of current and previous smoking on fracture risk in older women: the role of physical function, bone density, and bone microarchitecture.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026Article
- Weight changes after smoking cessation and the risk of hip fractures: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Incidence of proximal humerus fracture among older adults in Oslo, Norway varies by country background, marital status, and season.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Time to reframe osteoporosis: a position statement to characterize the osteoporosis care gap.JBMR plus · 2026Review
- Smoking shapes the relationship between metabolic biomarkers and femoral-neck bone mineral density: A stratified analysis by smoking status.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Tobacco smoking portends worse functional outcomes after acetabular fracture.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Article
- Association Between Changes in Smoking Habits and Incident Fracture After Acute Ischemic Stroke.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- First Ecuadorian statement consensus for the evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2023Article
- Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures caused by Cushing's syndrome in young women: case report and literature review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Review
- Osteoporosis and periodontal diseases - An update on their association and mechanistic links.Periodontology 2000 · 2022Review
- Secondary Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- The cumulative incidence of and risk factors for morphometric severe vertebral fractures in Japanese men and women: the ROAD study third and fourth surveys.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022Article
- Living alone decreased calcaneus ultrasoundFrontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledThis study examines the impact of smoking and smoking cessation on fracture risk in 75-year-old women followed for 10 years. Smoking increased fracture risk, especially for vertebral fractures. Smoking cessation decreased the risk for vertebral fractures but not for other fracture types.
introductionThe purpose of this study was to examine effects of smoking and smoking cessation on fracture risk.
methodsThis prospective observational population-based study followed 1033 women during 10 years from age 75. Data regarding smoking were collected at age 75. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals for fracture were calculated using competing risks proportional hazards regression.
resultsBoth former smokers and current smokers had an increased risk for any fracture (HR 1.30; 1.03-1.66, and HR 1.32; 1.01-1.73, respectively) and any osteoporotic fracture (hip, proximal humerus, distal radius, vertebra) (HR 1.31; 1.01-1.70 and HR 1.49; 1.11-1.98, respectively) compared to non-smokers. Former smokers had an increased risk for proximal humerus fractures (HR 2.23; 1.35-3.70), and current smokers had an increased risk for vertebral fractures (HR 2.30; 1.57-3.38) compared to non-smokers. After adjustment for weight, previous fractures, alcohol habits, bone mineral density (BMD), use of corticoids, vitamin D, bisphosphonates, and previous falls, former smokers had an increased risk for proximal humerus fracture (HR 2.07; 1.19-3.57) and current smokers had an increased risk for osteoporotic (HR 1.47; 1.05-2.05) and vertebral fractures (HR 2.50; 1.58-3.95) compared to non-smokers. Former smokers had a decreased risk for vertebral fractures, but not for other types of fractures, compared to current smokers.
conclusionsSmoking increased the risk for fracture among elderly women, especially vertebral fractures. Smoking cessation decreased the risk for vertebral fractures but not for other types of fractures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.