ArticlePloS one2015
Effects of Tobacco Smoking on the Degeneration of the Intervertebral Disc: A Finite Element Study.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the predictive value of mri-based cervical endplate bone quality (C-EBQ) score and cervical vertebral bone quality (C-VBQ) score for the progression of cervical disc degeneration.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- A Comparison of Cigarette Smoking Effects on Intervertebral Disc Cell Metabolism in a Rat Tissue Model.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- An overview in tendon's physiology, pathomorphology, and treatment options.Cell and tissue research · 2026Review
- Global, regional, and national burden of low-back pain attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021: An age-period-cohort and joinpoint analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Etiology, diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc degeneration: a focus on the mechanism of action of Piezo1 and research perspectives.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Lumbar Disc Herniation Resorption: When and How Does It Occur?Neurospine · 2026Review
- Bioinformatic analysis of glycosylation-related genes in intervertebral disc degeneration and their roles in immune infiltration and diagnostic models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Degenerative Lumbosacral Spinal Stenosis Alters Neurotrophin-3 and -4 Expression: Impact of Metabolic and Behavioral Factors.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Causal association of education, smoking, sedentary lifestyle and body mass index with disc degeneration: Mendelian randomization.Medicine · 2025Article
- Long-Term and Heavy Smoking as a Risk Factor for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Evidence from a Large-Scale, Nationwide Population-Based Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of Long-Term Smoking on Cervical Disc Degeneration: A Retrospective Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Causal Relationship Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolites and Intervertebral Disc Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A next-generation system for smoke inhalation integrated with a breathing lung-on-chip to model human lung responses to cigarette exposure.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Modulation of Neurturin Expression by Lumbosacral Spinal Stenosis, Lifestyle Factors, and Glycemic Dysregulation.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Changes in the Expression Profile of Growth-Associated Protein 43 in Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Preliminary study on the potential damage of cigarette smoke extract in 3D human chondrocyte culture.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2025Article
- Impact of Tobacco Exposure on Low Back Pain-Related Disability-Adjusted Life Years in China: Trends From 1990-2021 and Projections for the Next 15 years Using ARIMA Modeling.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Impact of Socioeconomic Status on the Risk of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Low Back Pain in the European Population and the Mediating Role of Obesity-Related Traits: Evidence from a Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Risk factors Associated with Pain Severity in Syrian patients with non-specific low back Pain.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Balloon compression-induced spinal cord injury in canines: a large animal model for spinal cord injury research.Journal of medicine and life · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is associated with numerous pathological conditions. Compelling experimental evidence associates smoking to the degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD). In particular, it has been shown that nicotine down-regulates both the proliferation rate and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis of disc cells. Moreover, tobacco smoking causes the constriction of the vascular network surrounding the IVD, thus reducing the exchange of nutrients and anabolic agents from the blood vessels to the disc. It has been hypothesized that both nicotine presence in the IVD and the reduced solute exchange are responsible for the degeneration of the disc due to tobacco smoking, but their effects on tissue homeostasis have never been quantified. In this study, a previously presented computational model describing the homeostasis of the IVD was deployed to investigate the effects of impaired solute supply and nicotine-mediated down-regulation of cell proliferation and biosynthetic activity on the health of the disc. We found that the nicotine-mediated down-regulation of cell anabolism mostly affected the GAG concentration at the cartilage endplate, reducing it up to 65% of the value attained in normal physiological conditions. In contrast, the reduction of solutes exchange between blood vessels and disc tissue mostly affected the nucleus pulposus, whose cell density and GAG levels were reduced up to 50% of their normal physiological levels. The effectiveness of quitting smoking on the regeneration of a degenerated IVD was also investigated, and showed to have limited benefit on the health of the disc. A cell-based therapy in conjunction with smoke cessation provided significant improvements in disc health, suggesting that, besides quitting smoking, additional treatments should be implemented in the attempt to recover the health of an IVD degenerated by tobacco smoking.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.