ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2015
Mastectomy Weight and Tissue Expander Volume Predict Necrosis and Increased Costs Associated with Breast Reconstruction.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intraoperative Prediction of Mastectomy Skin Flap Necrosis using Standardized ICG Grading and Quantitative Perfusion Mapping.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Use of Poly-4-Hydroxybutyrate Scaffold (GalaFLEX™) in Primary and Secondary Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: A Structured Review of the Literature and Preliminary Single-Center Experience.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Predictors of Complications in Prophylactic Mastectomy and Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Does Breast Implant Size Larger Than Mastectomy Specimen Size Increase the Risk of Flap Necrosis?Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Article
- Is a Seroma the "Kiss of Death" in Prepectoral Tissue Expander Reconstruction?Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- The Utility of Indocyanine Green Near-Infrared Fluoroangiographyin Assessing Mastectomy Skin Flap Perfusion.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- A machine learning approach to predict in vivo skin growth.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A machine learning approach to predictResearch square · 2024Article
- Are Large Intraoperative Fill Volumes Associated With Increased Complications After Tissue Expander Placement?Eplasty · 2023Article
- Toward Drainless Breast Reconstruction: A Pilot Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2022Article
- Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for mastectomy flap ischaemia: A case series of 50 breasts.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2021Article
- Influence of Incision Site on Postoperative Outcome in Skin-/Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Is There a Difference between Radial and Inframammary Incision?Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Prepectoral 2-stage Breast Reconstruction with Carbon Dioxide Tissue Expansion.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2020Article
- Mastectomy skin flap necrosis: challenges and solutions.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2017Review
- A Complication Analysis of 2 Acellular Dermal Matrices in Prosthetic-based Breast Reconstruction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionImpaired vascular perfusion in tissue expander (TE) breast reconstruction leads to mastectomy skin necrosis. We investigated factors and costs associated with skin necrosis in postmastectomy breast reconstruction.
methodsRetrospective review of 169 women with immediate TE placement following mastectomy between May 1, 2009 and May 31, 2013 was performed. Patient demographics, comorbidities, intraoperative, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Logistic regression analysis on individual variables was performed to determine the effects of tissue expander fill volume and mastectomy specimen weight on skin necrosis. Billing data was obtained to determine the financial burden associated with necrosis.
resultsThis study included 253 breast reconstructions with immediate TE placement from 169 women. Skin necrosis occurred in 20 flaps for 15 patients (8.9%). Patients with hypertension had 8 times higher odds of skin necrosis [odd ratio (OR), 8.10, P < 0.001]. Patients with TE intraoperative fill volumes >300 cm(3) had 10 times higher odds of skin necrosis (OR, 10.66, P =0.010). Volumes >400 cm(3) had 15 times higher odds of skin necrosis (OR, 15.56, P = 0.002). Mastectomy specimen weight was correlated with skin necrosis. Specimens >500 g had 10 times higher odds of necrosis and specimens >1000 g had 18 times higher odds of necrosis (OR, 10.03 and OR, 18.43; P =0.003 and P <0.001, respectively). Mastectomy skin necrosis was associated with a 50% increased inpatient charge.
conclusionMastectomy flap necrosis is associated with HTN, larger TE volumes and mastectomy specimen weights, resulting in increased inpatient charges. Conservative TE volumes should be considered for patients with hypertension and larger mastectomy specimens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.