ArticleJournal of anatomy2015
Analysis of human soft palate morphogenesis supports regional regulation of palatal fusion.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Timing of Secondary Palate Fusion in Human Embryos and Fetuses.Birth defects research · 2026Article
- Facial Clefts and the Trigeminal Nerve: A Narrative Review of the Literature and Clinical Considerations in the Era of Personalized Medicine.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- 3D atlas of the human fetal chondrocranium in the middle trimester.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Mechanistic studies in Drosophila and chicken give new insights into functions of DVL1 in dominant Robinow syndrome.Disease models & mechanisms · 2023Article
- The Biomechanical Characteristics of Swallowing in Tracheostomized Patients with Aspiration following Acquired Brain Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- The Impact of Genetic Variability of TGF-Beta Signaling Biomarkers in Major Craniofacial Syndromes.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- Multiple Skeletal Anomalies of Sprague Dawley Rats following Prenatal Exposure toChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Editorial: Cellular Mechanisms During Normal and Abnormal Craniofacial Development.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- A 3D analysis of growth trajectory and integration during early human prenatal facial growth.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Craniofacial Development: Neural Crest in Molecular Embryology.Head and neck pathology · 2021Review
- The Chromatin RegulatorFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Correlation between salivary estrogen levels and oral epithelial cytokeratin 5 expression.F1000Research · 2020Article
- Non-syndromic Cleft Palate: An Overview on Human Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Development of the squamate naso-palatal complex: detailed 3D analysis of the vomeronasal organ and nasal cavity in the brown anoleFrontiers in zoology · 2020Article
- Regulatory Mechanisms of Soft Palate Development and Malformations.Journal of dental research · 2019Review
- Article
- Facial Genetics: A Brief Overview.Frontiers in genetics · 2018Review
- Closing the Gap: Mouse Models to Study Adhesion in Secondary Palatogenesis.Journal of dental research · 2017Review
- Differences in Oral Structure and Tissue Interactions during Mouse vs. Human Palatogenesis: Implications for the Translation of Findings from Mice.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is essential to complete palate closure at the correct time during fetal development, otherwise a serious malformation, cleft palate, will ensue. The steps in palate formation in humans take place between the 7th and 12th week and consist of outgrowth of palatal shelves from the paired maxillary prominences, reorientation of the shelves from vertical to horizontal, apposition of the medial surfaces, formation of a bilayered seam, degradation of the seam and bridging of mesenchyme. However, in the soft palate, the mechanism of closure is unclear. In previous studies it is possible to find support for both fusion and the alternative mechanism of merging. Here we densely sample the late embryonic-early fetal period between 54 and 74 days post-conception to determine the timing and mechanism of soft palate closure. We found the epithelial seam extends throughout the soft palates of 57-day specimens. Cytokeratin antibody staining detected the medial edge epithelium and distinguished clearly that cells in the midline retained their epithelial character. Compared with the hard palate, the epithelium is more rapidly degraded in the soft palate and only persists in the most posterior regions at 64 days. Our results are consistent with the soft palate following a developmentally more rapid program of fusion than the hard palate. Importantly, the two regions of the palate appear to be independently regulated and have their own internal clocks regulating the timing of seam removal. Considering data from human genetic and mouse studies, distinct anterior-posterior signaling mechanisms are likely to be at play in the human fetal palate.
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