ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2015
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations in the U.S.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Human papillomavirus vaccination among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Scoping review and meta-analysis of descriptive and correlational studies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Vaccine hesitancy in the refugee, immigrant, and migrant population in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Institutional drivers of newborn hepatitis B vaccine disparities: A multi-hospital analysis in Washington, DC, 2017-2023.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- The Access Paradox: A Decade of Expanded Influenza Vaccine Access That Did Not Close a Racial Disparity.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Routine and Recommended Adult Vaccination Rates Among US Adults, National Health Interview Survey 2018.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Tetanus Control in the United States and Global Disaster Settings: Public Health Disparities and Prevention Strategies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Trends in influenza vaccine disparities in the U.S. following the introduction of COVID-19: Insights from the national health interview survey.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Strengths and limitations of non-survey-based data sources for assessing adult vaccination coverage in the United States.Expert review of vaccines · 2025Review
- The Uptake of Influenza, Pneumococcal, Shingles, and COVID-19 Vaccines Among US Adults With and Without Kidney Disease: Findings From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2018-2022.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Prolonged Monkeypox Virus Infections, California, USA, May 2022-August 2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Perspectives on COVID-19 Vaccination Among Unvaccinated and Under-Vaccinated African American/Black and Latine Frontline Essential Workers: A Qualitative Exploration.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Construction of Development Scores to Analyze Inequalities in Childhood Immunization Coverage: A Global Analysis from 2000 to 2021.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Influenza-Associated Outcomes and Healthcare Utilization by Race and Ethnicity in the USA: a Retrospective Cohort Study Using the National Inpatient Sample Database.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
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- Racial and ethnic disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among United States adults, aged 27-45 years.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
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- Regional factors associated with pneumococcal vaccination coverage among U.S. adults with underlying chronic or immunocompromising conditions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Hepatitis B and influenza vaccination coverage in healthcare workers, the elderly, and patients with diabetes in Malaysia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Vaccination intention and uptake within the Black community in Appalachia.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionReducing racial/ethnic disparities in immunization rates is a compelling public health goal. Disparities in childhood vaccination rates have not been observed in recent years for most vaccines. The objective of this study is to assess adult vaccination by race/ethnicity in the U.S.
methodsThe 2012 National Health Interview Survey was analyzed in 2014 to assess adult vaccination by race/ethnicity for five vaccines routinely recommended for adults: influenza, tetanus, pneumococcal (two vaccines), human papilloma virus, and zoster vaccines. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with all adult vaccinations.
resultsVaccination coverage was significantly lower among non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Asians compared with non-Hispanic whites, with only a few exceptions. Age, sex, education, health insurance, usual place of care, number of physician visits in the past 12 months, and health insurance were independently associated with receipt of most of the examined vaccines. Racial/ethnic differences narrowed, but gaps remained after taking these factors into account.
conclusionsRacial and ethnic differences in vaccination levels narrow when adjusting for socioeconomic factors analyzed in this survey, but are not eliminated, suggesting that other factors that are associated with vaccination disparities are not measured by the National Health Interview Survey and could also contribute to the differences in coverage. Additional efforts, including systems changes to ensure routine assessment and recommendations for needed vaccinations among adults for all racial/ethnic groups, are essential for improving vaccine coverage.
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