ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2015
The ocean as a global reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Marine microbiomes and their expanding role in biotechnological potential: a systematic review.Archives of microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Drug-resistantClinical microbiology reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Aquaculture at the crossroads of global warming and antimicrobial resistance.Nature communications · 2020Pooled it
- Cobalt and nickel ion synergy promotes gene amplification and stable metal resistance inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- High Resistance and Biofilm Tolerance to Antimicrobials of Marine Bacteria From Brazilian Deep-Sea Sediment.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Article
- Exploring the Environmental Resistome and Bacterial Novelty in Marine Isolates from the North Portuguese Coast.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Use ofRSC advances · 2026Article
- Exploring ocean data: comprehensive approaches to data collection and the role of public databases in facilitating the interconnection between ocean and human health.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Ampicillin- and Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Water-Mediated Dissemination and Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Across Livestock, Agri-Food, and Aquaculture Systems.Micromachines · 2025Review
- Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from the skin microbiota of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Southeastern United States.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Removal of coliform pollution using a gravel-packed contact bed: reduction effect and microbial community analysis.Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research · 2025Article
- Effects of Salinity Fluctuation on Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factor Genes of Low and High Nucleic Acid-Content Bacteria in a Marine Environment.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- The risk of pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance in deep-sea cold seep microorganisms.mSystems · 2025Article
- Environmental drivers of the resistome across the Baltic Sea.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Exploring the Ecological Impacts of Herbicides on Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbial Communities.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Microbiome and Resistome Studies of the Lithuanian Baltic Sea Coast and the Curonian Lagoon Waters and Sediments.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Further Evidence of Anthropogenic Impact: High Levels of Multiple-Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Found in Neritic-Stage Sea Turtles.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Antibiotic resistance and mitigation using One Health lens in aquaculture of Northern Nigeria.The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research · 2024Article
- Biodiversity of microorganisms in the Baltic Sea: the power of novel methods in the identification of marine microbes.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies of natural environments have revealed vast genetic reservoirs of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes. Soil bacteria and human pathogens share AR genes, and AR genes have been discovered in a variety of habitats. However, there is little knowledge about the presence and diversity of AR genes in marine environments and which organisms host AR genes. To address this, we identified the diversity of genes conferring resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, and sulfadimethoxine in diverse marine environments using functional metagenomics (the cloning and screening of random DNA fragments). Marine environments were host to a diversity of AR-conferring genes. Antibiotic-resistant clones were found at all sites, with 28% of the genes identified as known AR genes (encoding beta-lactamases, bicyclomycin resistance pumps, etc.). However, the majority of AR genes were not previously classified as such but had products similar to proteins such as transport pumps, oxidoreductases, and hydrolases. Furthermore, 44% of the genes conferring antibiotic resistance were found in abundant marine taxa (e.g., Pelagibacter, Prochlorococcus, and Vibrio). Therefore, we uncovered a previously unknown diversity of genes that conferred an AR phenotype among marine environments, which makes the ocean a global reservoir of both clinically relevant and potentially novel AR genes.
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