ArticleInternational ophthalmology2016
Efficacy and safety of topical difluprednate in persistent diabetic macular edema.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Interventions for Diabetes Mellitus-associated Complications.Current diabetes reviews · 2025Review
- Risk of Elevated Intraocular Pressure With Difluprednate in Patients With Non-Infectious Uveitis.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Retinal Diseases: The Next Frontier in Pharmacodelivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- The Emerging Role of Topical Ocular Drugs to Target the Posterior Eye.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2021Review
- The Evolving Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Review
- Clinical biomarkers and molecular basis for optimized treatment of diabetic retinopathy: current status and future prospects.Eye and brain · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment of diabetic macular edema (persistent type) with difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05 % (off label use). 20 patients with persistent diabetic macular edema were enrolled. In all subjects, more than 4 months had passed since prior treatment. All patients were treated with difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05 % three times daily for 3 months. At the end of 3 months the visual acuity had increased by two lines to a mean value of 0.61 ± 0.18 on logMAR from a baseline value of 0.885 ± 0.20 and the central retinal thickness had decreased from 423 ± 72.04 microns to 345 ± 68.7 microns. Hence, there was a total of 18.4 % decrease in retinal thickness on difluprednate. Major side effects included raised intraocular pressure in 20 %. Difluprednate is a potent and strong steroid which causes a rapid decrease in persistent diabetic macular edema. However, the potential side effect of raised intraocular pressure limits its use as an adjuvant therapy in non-steroid responders.
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Registered trials
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