ReviewBiomolecules2015
Comparative Geometrical Analysis of Leucine-Rich Repeat Structures in the Nod-Like and Toll-Like Receptors in Vertebrate Innate Immunity.
Review in Biomolecules, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative transcriptomic and structural modeling reveal CASP1, TLR3, PYCARD, and CD274 as immune-modulatory drivers in breast cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Discovery of ETI41 and ETI60: novel selective endosomal Toll-like receptor inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Ginsenoside RhInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Role of the TLR4-MyD88 Signaling Pathway in the Immune Response of the Selected Scallop Strain "Hongmo No. 1" to Heat Stress.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Unveiling the multifaceted role of toll-like receptors in immunity of aquatic animals: pioneering strategies for disease management.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- TLR4 Blockade Using Docosahexaenoic Acid Restores Vulnerability of Drug-Tolerant Tumor Cells and Prevents Breast Cancer Metastasis and Postsurgical Relapse.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2023Article
- Identification and characterization of Toll-like receptor 14d in Northeast Chinese lamprey (Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The Role of TLR2 in Infectious Diseases Caused by Mycobacteria: From Cell Biology to Therapeutic Target.Biology · 2022Review
- Association of TLR2 haplotypes encoding Q650 with reduced susceptibility to ovine Johne's disease in Turkish sheep.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Structure of fish Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR).International journal of biological macromolecules · 2020Review
- Characterisation and functional analysis of canine TLR5.Innate immunity · 2020Article
- Article
- Cell Surface Expression of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors-A Necessity or a Superfluous Duplication?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Endosomal TLR-8 Senses microRNA-1294 Resulting in the Production of NFḱB Dependent Cytokines.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Super Secondary Structure Consisting of a Polyproline II Helix and a β-Turn in Leucine Rich Repeats in Bacterial Type III Secretion System Effectors.The protein journal · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that are involved in the innate, pathogen pattern recognition system. The TLR and NLR receptors contain leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) that are responsible for ligand interactions. In LRRs short β-strands stack parallel and then the LRRs form a super helical arrangement of repeating structural units (called a coil of solenoids). The structures of the LRR domains of NLRC4, NLRP1, and NLRX1 in NLRs and of TLR1-5, TLR6, TLR8, TLR9 in TLRs have been determined. Here we report nine geometrical parameters that characterize the LRR domains; these include four helical parameters from HELFIT analysis. These nine parameters characterize well the LRR structures in NLRs and TLRs; the LRRs of NLR adopts a right-handed helix. In contrast, the TLR LRRs adopt either a left-handed helix or are nearly flat; RP105 and CD14 also adopt a left-handed helix. This geometrical analysis subdivides TLRs into four groups consisting of TLR3/TLR8/TLR9, TLR1/TLR2/TRR6, TLR4, and TLR5; these correspond to the phylogenetic tree based on amino acid sequences. In the TLRs an ascending lateral surface that consists of loops connecting the β-strand at the C-terminal side is involved in protein, protein/ligand interactions, but not the descending lateral surface on the opposite side.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.