ReviewNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2016
Neuroimaging of Fear-Associated Learning.
Review in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Methodological Considerations for the Use of Single Prolonged Stress and Fear Extinction Retention in Rodents.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of app-based mindfulness on extinction recall - a 7T-fMRI study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Intermittent theta burst stimulation over the left prefrontal cortex: no additional effect for virtual reality exposure therapy in acrophobia-a randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Augmenting extinction learning with D-cycloserine reduces return of fear: a randomized, placebo-controlled fMRI study.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- The effect of mindfulness training on extinction retention.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Neural Underpinnings of Cortisol Effects on Fear Extinction.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Stress, needs, and behaviour: understanding chronic stress in pet domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) from the prism of needs.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Age-related differences in hippocampal network engagement during safety processing in adolescents.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Magnetic resonance microscopy maps widespread effects of Alzheimer's disease on brain structures and behavior in mice.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Distinct representational properties of cues and contexts shape fear and reversal learning.eLife · 2026Article
- Lasting effects of oral contraceptives on fear responses to a safe context.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy for the detection of fear using parameterized quantum circuits.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and amygdala underlies avoidance learning during adolescence: Implications for developmental psychopathology.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Acquisition of trace fear conditioning without functional nucleus reuniens did not require dorsal or ventral hippocampus NMDA receptor activation in male Long-Evans rats.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Neural correlates of human fear conditioning and sources of variability in 2199 individuals.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Prefrontal correlates of fear generalization during endocannabinoid depletion.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Fear Circuits in Panic Disorder: An Update.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Review
- A potential target for noninvasive neuromodulation of PTSD symptoms derived from focal brain lesions in veterans.Nature neuroscience · 2024Article
- Trauma-related intrusive memories and anterior hippocampus structural covariance: an ecological momentary assessment study in posttraumatic stress disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- PREFRONTAL CORRELATES OF FEAR GENERALIZATION DURING ENDOCANNABINOID DEPLETION.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fear conditioning has been commonly used as a model of emotional learning in animals and, with the introduction of functional neuroimaging techniques, has proven useful in establishing the neurocircuitry of emotional learning in humans. Studies of fear acquisition suggest that regions such as amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and hippocampus play an important role in acquisition of fear, whereas studies of fear extinction suggest that the amygdala is also crucial for safety learning. Extinction retention testing points to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex as an essential region in the recall of the safety trace, and explicit learning of fear and safety associations recruits additional cortical and subcortical regions. Importantly, many of these findings have implications in our understanding of the pathophysiology of psychiatric disease. Recent studies using clinical populations have lent insight into the changes in regional activity in specific disorders, and treatment studies have shown how pharmaceutical and other therapeutic interventions modulate brain activation during emotional learning. Finally, research investigating individual differences in neurotransmitter receptor genotypes has highlighted the contribution of these systems in fear-associated learning.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.