ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Structural characterization of muropeptides from Chlamydia trachomatis peptidoglycan by mass spectrometry resolves "chlamydial anomaly".
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
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- Irradiated whole cell Chlamydia vaccine confers significant protection in a murine genital tract challenge model.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
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- Bacterial muropeptides promote OXPHOS and suppress mitochondrial stress in mammals.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Aberrant Bodies: An Alternative Metabolic Homeostasis Allowing Survivability?Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Vitamin D effects onFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Plasticity in the cell division processes of obligate intracellular bacteria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Plant peptidoglycan precursor biosynthesis: Conservation between moss chloroplasts and Gram-negative bacteria.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Bacterial peptidoglycan muropeptides benefit mitochondrial homeostasis and animal physiology by acting as ATP synthase agonists.Developmental cell · 2022Article
- Peptidoglycan editing in non-proliferating intracellular Salmonella as source of interference with immune signaling.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Article
- Persistence Alters the Interaction between Chlamydia trachomatis and Its Host Cell.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Localized Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Dissecting Metabolism of Leaf Nodules inFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Competing Substrates for the Bifunctional Diaminopimelic Acid Epimerase/Glutamate Racemase Modulate Peptidoglycan Synthesis in Chlamydia trachomatis.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The "chlamydial anomaly," first coined by James Moulder, describes the inability of researchers to detect or purify peptidoglycan (PG) from pathogenic Chlamydiae despite genetic and biochemical evidence and antibiotic susceptibility data that suggest its existence. We recently detected PG in Chlamydia trachomatis by a new metabolic cell wall labeling method, however efforts to purify PG from pathogenic Chlamydiae have remained unsuccessful. Pathogenic chlamydial species are known to activate nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) innate immune receptors by as yet uncharacterized ligands, which are presumed to be PG fragments (muramyl di- and tripeptides). We used the NOD2-dependent activation of NF-κB by C. trachomatis-infected cell lysates as a biomarker for the presence of PG fragments within specific lysate fractions. We designed a new method of muropeptide isolation consisting of a double filtration step coupled with reverse-phase HPLC fractionation of Chlamydia-infected HeLa cell lysates. Fractions that displayed NOD2 activity were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, confirming the presence of muramyl di- and tripeptides in Chlamydia-infected cell lysate fractions. Moreover, the mass spectrometry data of large muropeptide fragments provided evidence that transpeptidation and transglycosylation reactions occur in pathogenic Chlamydiae. These results reveal the composition of chlamydial PG and disprove the "glycanless peptidoglycan" hypothesis.
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