Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26290332›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of general virology2015

Characterization of a second open reading frame in genome segment 10 of bluetongue virus.

Meredith Stewart, Alexandra Hardy, Gerald Barry, Rute Maria Pinto, Marco Caporale, Eleonora Melzi, Joseph Hughes, Aislynn Taggart, Anna Janowicz, Mariana Varela and 2 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of general virology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
77citing papers in PubMed
16.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

77 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Secreted Nonstructural Protein 3 is a Pathogenic Determinant of Orbivirus.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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  16. Molecular Serotyping of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Meredith StewartMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Alexandra HardyMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Gerald BarryMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Rute Maria PintoMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Marco CaporaleMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Eleonora MelziMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Joseph HughesMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Aislynn TaggartMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Anna JanowiczMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Mariana VarelaMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Maxime RatinierMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Massimo PalmariniMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research · GBIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale · IT

Funding

Medical Research Council G0801822Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Viruses have often evolved overlapping reading frames in order to maximize their coding capacity. Until recently, the segmented dsRNA genome of viruses of the Orbivirus genus was thought to be monocistronic, but the identification of the bluetongue virus (BTV) NS4 protein changed this assumption. A small ORF in segment 10, overlapping the NS3 ORF in the +1 position, is maintained in more than 300 strains of the 27 different BTV serotypes and in more than 200 strains of the phylogenetically related African horse sickness virus (AHSV). In BTV, this ORF (named S10-ORF2 in this study) encodes a putative protein 50-59 residues in length and appears to be under strong positive selection. HA- or GFP-tagged versions of S10-ORF2 expressed from transfected plasmids localized within the nucleoli of transfected cells, unless a putative nucleolar localization signal was mutated. S10-ORF2 inhibited gene expression, but not RNA translation, in transient transfection reporter assays. In both mammalian and insect cells, BTV S10-ORF2 deletion mutants (BTV8ΔS10-ORF2) displayed similar replication kinetics to wt virus. In vivo, S10-ORF2 deletion mutants were pathogenic in mouse models of disease. Although further evidence is required for S10-ORF2 expression during infection, the data presented provide an initial characterization of this ORF.

Indexed as

Genome, ViralOpen Reading FramesAnimalsBluetongueBluetongue virusCell LineMicePhylogenyViral ProteinsViral Proteins

Identifiers

PMID26290332
PMCPMC4806581
OpenAlexW2098339252

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.