ArticleThe Journal of general virology2015
Redundancy complicates the definition of essential genes for vaccinia virus.
Article in The Journal of general virology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expression of an Efficient Selection Marker Out of a Duplicated Site in the ITRs of a Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA).Vaccines · 2024Article
- Poxviruses package viral redox proteins in lateral bodies and modulate the host oxidative response.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Rapid poxvirus engineering using CRISPR/Cas9 as a selection tool.Communications biology · 2020Article
- A Deleted Deletion Site in a New Vector Strain and Exceptional Genomic Stability of Plaque-Purified Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA).Virologica Sinica · 2020Article
- Repair of a previously uncharacterized second host-range gene contributes to full replication of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) in human cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Deletion of Apoptosis Inhibitor F1L in Vaccinia Virus Increases Safety and Oncolysis for Cancer Therapy.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2019Article
- SPI-1 is a missing host-range factor required for replication of the attenuated modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine vector in human cells.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- A poxvirus pseudokinase represses viral DNA replication via a pathway antagonized by its paralog kinase.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Identification of Poxvirus Genome Uncoating and DNA Replication Factors with Mutually Redundant Roles.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara: History, Value in Basic Research, and Current Perspectives for Vaccine Development.Advances in virus research · 2017Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) genes are characterized as either essential or non-essential for growth in culture. It seems intuitively obvious that if a gene can be deleted without imparting a growth defect in vitro it does not have a function related to basic replication or spread. However, this interpretation relies on the untested assumption that there is no redundancy across the genes that have roles in growth in cell culture. First, we provide a comprehensive summary of the literature that describes the essential genes of VACV. Next, we looked for interactions between large blocks of non-essential genes located at the ends of the genome by investigating sets of VACVs with large deletions at the genomic termini. Viruses with deletions at either end of the genome behaved as expected, exhibiting only mild or host-range defects. In contrast, combining deletions at both ends of the genome for the VACV Western Reserve (WR) strain caused a devastating growth defect on all cell lines tested. Unexpectedly, we found that the well-studied VACV growth factor homologue encoded by C11R has a role in growth in vitro that is exposed when 42 genes are absent from the left end of the VACV WR genome. These results demonstrate that some non-essential genes contribute to basic viral growth, but redundancy means these functions are not revealed by single-gene-deletion mutants.
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