Trial reportAmerican journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology2015
Peripheral chemoreflex inhibition with low-dose dopamine: new insight into mechanisms of extreme apnea.
Trial report in American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exogenous ketosis in breath-hold diving: Promise, paradox and physiological risk.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Brain strain: Blood flow and metabolism in environmental extremes.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- The importance of dopamine levels and single-nucleotide polymorphism withinAnnals of medicine · 2025Article
- From bedside to seaside: An academic's attempt at freediving.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Respiratory system responses to a maximal apnoea.Experimental physiology · 2025Review
- The Importance of Genetic Background and Neurotransmission in the Pathogenesis of the Co-Occurrence of Sleep Bruxism and Sleep-Disordered Breathing-Review of a New Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Effects of hyperventilation on repeated breath-holding while in a fasting state: do risks outweigh the benefits?American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2024Article
- Hypoxemia increases blood-brain barrier permeability during extreme apnea in humans.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Article
- Assessment of respiratory effort with EMG extracted from ECG recordings during prolonged breath holds: Insights into obstructive apnea and extreme physiology.Physiological reports · 2021Article
- Breath-Hold Diving - The Physiology of Diving Deep and Returning.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Signaling in the Carotid Body: Roles in Hypoxia and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
- Hypercapnia is essential to reduce the cerebral oxidative metabolism during extreme apnea in humans.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2017Article
- βJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2017Article
- Selective accumulation of biotin in arterial chemoreceptors: requirement for carotid body exocytotic dopamine secretion.The Journal of physiology · 2016Article
- Cerebral oxidative metabolism is decreased with extreme apnoea in humans; impact of hypercapnia.The Journal of physiology · 2016Article
- Interindividual variability in the dose-specific effect of dopamine on carotid chemoreceptor sensitivity to hypoxia.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2016Article
- Role of cerebral blood flow in extreme breath holding.Translational neuroscience · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of peripheral chemoreflex inhibition with low-dose dopamine on maximal apnea time, and the related hemodynamic and cerebrovascular responses in elite apnea divers. In a randomized order, participants performed a maximal apnea while receiving either intravenous 2 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1) dopamine or volume-matched saline (placebo). The chemoreflex and hemodynamic response to dopamine was also assessed during hypoxia [arterial O2 tension, (PaO2 ) ∼35 mmHg] and mild hypercapnia [arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2 ) ∼46 mmHg] that mimicked the latter parts of apnea. Outcome measures included apnea duration, arterial blood gases (radial), heart rate (HR, ECG), mean arterial pressure (MAP, intra-arterial), middle (MCAv) and posterior (PCAv) cerebral artery blood velocity (transcranial ultrasound), internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) artery blood flow (ultrasound), and the chemoreflex responses. Although dopamine depressed the ventilatory response by 27 ± 41% (vs. placebo; P = 0.01), the maximal apnea duration was increased by only 5 ± 8% (P = 0.02). The PaCO2 and PaO2 at apnea breakpoint were similar (P > 0.05). When compared with placebo, dopamine increased HR and decreased MAP during both apnea and chemoreflex test (P all <0.05). At rest, dopamine compared with placebo dilated the ICA (3.0 ± 4.1%, P = 0.05) and VA (6.6 ± 5.0%, P < 0.01). During apnea and chemoreflex test, conductance of the cerebral vessels (ICA, VA, MCAv, PCAv) was increased with dopamine; however, flow (ICA and VA) was similar. At least in elite apnea divers, the small increase in apnea time and similar PaO2 at breakpoint (∼31 mmHg) suggest the apnea breakpoint is more related to PaO2 , rather than peripheral chemoreflex drive to breathe.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.