Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26289639›Full record

Trial reportBlood2015

Oral iron supplements increase hepcidin and decrease iron absorption from daily or twice-daily doses in iron-depleted young women.

Diego Moretti, Jeroen S Goede, Christophe Zeder, Markus Jiskra, Vaiya Chatzinakou, Harold Tjalsma, Alida Melse-Boonstra, Gary Brittenham, Dorine W Swinkels, Michael B Zimmermann

6 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Blood, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 213 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
213citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
25.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01785407 nacompletednot on this map

Using Stable Iron Isotopic Techniques and Serum Hepcidin Profiles to Optimize Iron Supplementation

TypeinterventionalSponsorSwiss Federal Institute of TechnologyRan2013 to 2013Enrolled25ConditionsIron Deficiency, Anemia, Iron Deficiency AnemiaArmsIron Supplement (Ferrous Sulfate Dried)
NCT02050932 nacompletednot on this map

The Optimization of Iron Bioavailability of Supplements Using Hepcidin Levels in Humans: Effect of the Time of Administration and Consecutive Day Administration of Commonly Used Dosages

TypeinterventionalSponsorSwiss Federal Institute of TechnologyRan2013 to 2013Enrolled32ConditionsIron DeficiencyArms60 mg Fe as FeSO4 with stable isotopic labels
NCT03562143 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Daily vs Alternate Day Iron Supplementation for Pregnant Women With Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Randomized Controlled

TypeinterventionalSponsorIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiRan2018 to 2020Enrolled88ConditionsIron Deficiency AnemiaArmsFerrous Sulfate
NCT04250298 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Pilot Study to Gain First Indications for the Impact of a Three-month's Oral Intake of an Iron Supplement With High Bioavailability on the Hemoglobin Concentration in Iron Deficient Blood Donors

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedical University of GrazRan2019 to 2020Enrolled50ConditionsIron-deficiencyArmssucrosomial iron
NCT07084298 early_phase1not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effects of 12 Weeks of Oral Iron Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Iron Content, Mitochondrial Function, and Indices of Aerobic Fitness in Healthy Females With Suboptimal Iron Stores

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of CalgaryRan2025 to 2026Enrolled36ConditionsIron DeficiencyArmsOral iron supplement, Placebo
NCT07263529 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Risk of Anemia Development and Clinical Effects of Oral Iron Therapy in Women (18-55 Years) With Non-Anemic Iron Deficiency

TypeinterventionalSponsorIstanbul University - CerrahpasaRan2025 to 2026Enrolled60ConditionsNon-Anemic Iron DeficiencyArmsDietary Intervention (2 months), Oral Elemental Iron (Ferrous Sulfate) 80 mg/day
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

213 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 517 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. FIGO good practice recommendations on anemia in pregnancy, to reduce the incidence and impact of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025
    Guideline
  3. Guideline
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  5. Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024
    Pooled it
  6. Guideline
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Guideline
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
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  14. Trial
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153 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Diego MorettiLaboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland;
Jeroen S GoedeDivision of Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland;
Christophe ZederLaboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland;
Markus JiskraLaboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland;
Vaiya ChatzinakouLaboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland;
Harold TjalsmaHepcidinanalysis.com and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and.
Alida Melse-BoonstraDivision of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
Gary BrittenhamLaboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
Dorine W SwinkelsHepcidinanalysis.com and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and.
Michael B ZimmermannLaboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland;
ETH Zurich · CHColumbia University · USRadboud University Medical Center · NLRadboud University Nijmegen · NLUniversity Hospital of Zurich · CHWageningen University & Research · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Iron supplements acutely increase hepcidin, but the duration and magnitude of the increase, its dose dependence, and its effects on subsequent iron absorption have not been characterized in humans. Better understanding of these phenomena might improve oral iron dosing schedules. We investigated whether the acute iron-induced increase in hepcidin influences iron absorption of successive daily iron doses and twice-daily iron doses. We recruited 54 nonanemic young women with plasma ferritin ≤20 µg/L and conducted: (1) a dose-finding investigation with 40-, 60-, 80-, 160-, and 240-mg labeled Fe as [(57)Fe]-, [(58)Fe]-, or [(54)Fe]-FeSO4 given at 8:00 am fasting on 1 or on 2 consecutive days (study 1, n = 25; study 2, n = 16); and (2) a study giving three 60-mg Fe doses (twice-daily dosing) within 24 hours (study 3, n = 13). In studies 1 and 2, 24 hours after doses ≥60 mg, serum hepcidin was increased (P < .01) and fractional iron absorption was decreased by 35% to 45% (P < .01). With increasing dose, fractional absorption decreased (P < .001), whereas absolute absorption increased (P < .001). A sixfold increase in iron dose (40-240 mg) resulted in only a threefold increase in iron absorbed (6.7-18.1 mg). In study 3, total iron absorbed from 3 doses (2 mornings and an afternoon) was not significantly greater than that from 2 morning doses. Providing lower dosages (40-80 mg Fe) and avoiding twice-daily dosing maximize fractional absorption. The duration of the hepcidin response supports alternate day supplementation, but longer-term effects of these schedules require further investigation. These clinical trials were registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT01785407 and #NCT02050932.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsAdministration, OralAdolescentAdultBiological AvailabilityBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesCross-Over StudiesDrug Administration ScheduleFemaleFerritinsFollow-Up StudiesHepcidinsHumansIntestinal AbsorptionIronBiomarkersFerritinsHepcidinsIronIron, Dietary

Identifiers

PMID26289639
OpenAlexW1805394574

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.