ReviewComputational and structural biotechnology journal2015
Mini-review: Strategies for Variation and Evolution of Bacterial Antigens.
Review in Computational and structural biotechnology journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Convergent evolution of immune evasion in ESKAPE pathogens: A cross-pathogen architecture of conserved host-defense checkpoints.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity of Type IV Pilin Proteins fromMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Intermolecular Gene Conversion for the Equalization of Genome Copies in the Polyploid HaloarchaeonGenes · 2024Article
- Single-cell analysis of multiple invertible promoters reveals differential inversion rates as a strong determinant of bacterial population heterogeneity.Science advances · 2023Article
- RecombinantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Lyme Disease Pathogenesis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2021Review
- Characterization of Non-selected Intermolecular Gene Conversion in the Polyploid HaloarchaeonFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Phylogenetic diversity inJournal of oral microbiology · 2020Article
- Intracellular Pathogens: Host Immunity and Microbial Persistence Strategies.Journal of immunology research · 2019Review
- Article
- Genomic blueprint of a relapsing fever pathogen in 15th century Scandinavia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Formation of phenotypic lineages in Salmonella enterica by a pleiotropic fimbrial switch.PLoS genetics · 2018Article
- Review
- Molecular Evolutionary Constraints that Determine the Avirulence State of Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin.Journal of molecular evolution · 2017Article
- Article
- Article
- CdiA Effectors from Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Use Heterotrimeric Osmoporins as Receptors to Recognize Target Bacteria.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Across the eubacteria, antigenic variation has emerged as a strategy to evade host immunity. However, phenotypic variation in some of these antigens also allows the bacteria to exploit variable host niches as well. The specific mechanisms are not shared-derived characters although there is considerable convergent evolution and numerous commonalities reflecting considerations of natural selection and biochemical restraints. Unlike in viruses, mechanisms of antigenic variation in most bacteria involve larger DNA movement such as gene conversion or DNA rearrangement, although some antigens vary due to point mutations or modified transcriptional regulation. The convergent evolution that promotes antigenic variation integrates various evolutionary forces: these include mutations underlying variant production; drift which could remove alleles especially early in infection or during life history phases in arthropod vectors (when the bacterial population size goes through a bottleneck); selection not only for any particular variant but also for the mechanism for the production of variants (i.e., selection for mutability); and overcoming negative selection against variant production. This review highlights the complexities of drivers of antigenic variation, in particular extending evaluation beyond the commonly cited theory of immune evasion. A deeper understanding of the diversity of purpose and mechanisms of antigenic variation in bacteria will contribute to greater insight into bacterial pathogenesis, ecology and coevolution with hosts.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.