ArticlePloS one2015
Disease Risk & Landscape Attributes of Tick-Borne Borrelia Pathogens in the San Francisco Bay Area, California.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Climate-driven variation in the phenology of juvenile Ixodes pacificus on lizard hosts.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Assessment of occupational exposure of soldiers to Lyme disease and Borrelia miyamotoi disease in selected military training areas from northern Poland.Experimental & applied acarology · 2024Article
- History of the geographic distribution of the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus, in the United States.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2024Review
- HumanPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- An analysis of companion animal tick encounters as revealed by photograph-based crowdsourced data.Veterinary medicine and science · 2021Article
- Examining Prevalence and Diversity of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Questing Ixodes pacificus Ticks in California.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Article
- The Unexpected Holiday Souvenir: The Public Health Risk to UK Travellers from Ticks Acquired Overseas.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Ecological Fallacy and Aggregated Data: A Case Study of Fried Chicken Restaurants, Obesity and Lyme Disease.EcoHealth · 2020Article
- Evaluation of Natural and Botanical Medicines for Activity Against Growing and Non-growing Forms ofFrontiers in medicine · 2020Article
- Borrelia miyamotoi Infections in Small Mammals, California, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Article
- In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cephalosporins for the treatment of Lyme disease.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Article
- Human Borrelia miyamotoi infection in California: Serodiagnosis is complicated by multiple endemic Borrelia species.PloS one · 2018Article
- Human seroprevalence of Borrelia miyamotoi in Manitoba, Canada, in 2011-2014: a cross-sectional study.CMAJ open · 2017Article
- Brave New Worlds: The Expanding Universe of Lyme Disease.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2017Review
- Host Immune Evasion by Lyme and Relapsing Fever Borreliae: Findings to Lead Future Studies forFrontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Unique Strain of Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes pacificus Ticks, California, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Parallelisms and Contrasts in the Diverse Ecologies of the Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi Complexes of Bacteria in the Far Western United States.Veterinary sciences · 2016Review
- Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the San Francisco Bay Area, California.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Habitat heterogeneity influences pathogen ecology by affecting vector abundance and the reservoir host communities. We investigated spatial patterns of disease risk for two human pathogens in the Borrelia genus-B. burgdorferi and B. miyamotoi-that are transmitted by the western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus. We collected ticks (349 nymphs, 273 adults) at 20 sites in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA. Tick abundance, pathogen prevalence and density of infected nymphs varied widely across sites and habitat type, though nymphal western black-legged ticks were more frequently found, and were more abundant in coast live oak forest and desert/semi-desert scrub (dominated by California sagebrush) habitats. We observed Borrelia infections in ticks at all sites where we able to collect >10 ticks. The recently recognized human pathogen, B. miyamotoi, was observed at a higher prevalence (13/349 nymphs = 3.7%, 95% CI = 2.0-6.3; 5/273 adults = 1.8%, 95% CI = 0.6-4.2) than recent studies from nearby locations (Alameda County, east of the San Francisco Bay), demonstrating that tick-borne disease risk and ecology can vary substantially at small geographic scales, with consequences for public health and disease diagnosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.