ArticleNature2015
Sidekick 2 directs formation of a retinal circuit that detects differential motion.
Article in Nature, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial biases in visual feature representation of mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus boutons.iScience · 2026Article
- Population-level geometric filtering generates motion-coherence selectivity in the retina.Science advances · 2026Article
- TRACR: an anterograde transneuronal tracing system for genetic access across synapses and longitudinal circuit analysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sensitive Molecules Involved in Spatial Learning and Memory Impairment of Mice Induced by 4.3 GHz Microwave Radiation.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Synaptic Inputs to OFF Parasol Ganglion Cells in Macaque Retina: An Analysis Using Serial Blockface Scanning Electron Microscopy.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Filter, Detector, Predictor: The expanding repertoire of retinal computation in vertebrates.Vision research · 2026Review
- SDK1 as an Independent Prognostic Biomarker in Primary Glioma: A Multi-Cohort Validation Study with Functional Characterization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Rapid dynamics of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons regulate the strength of visual attention.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Amacrine cell inputs to OFF midget ganglion cells in macaque retina.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- The mysterious middlemen making your vision pop: understanding the function of amacrine cells.The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Mushroom bodies tiny regulates Sidekick localization to tricellular adherens junctions.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- hkb is required for DIP-α expression and target recognition in the Drosophila neuromuscular circuit.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Subcellular pathways through VGluT3-expressing mouse amacrine cells provide locally tuned object-motion-selective signals in the retina.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Synaptic promiscuity in brain development.Current biology : CB · 2024Review
- Biased cell adhesion organizes a circuit for visual motion integration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Modular interneuron circuits control motion sensitivity in the mouse retina.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- A sign-inverted receptive field of inhibitory interneurons provides a pathway for ON-OFF interactions in the retina.Nature communications · 2023Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the mammalian retina, processes of approximately 70 types of interneurons form specific synapses on roughly 30 types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a neuropil called the inner plexiform layer. Each RGC type extracts salient features from visual input, which are sent deeper into the brain for further processing. The specificity and stereotypy of synapses formed in the inner plexiform layer account for the feature-detecting ability of RGCs. Here we analyse the development and function of synapses on one mouse RGC type, called the W3B-RGC. These cells have the remarkable property of responding when the timing of the movement of a small object differs from that of the background, but not when they coincide. Such cells, known as local edge detectors or object motion sensors, can distinguish moving objects from a visual scene that is also moving. We show that W3B-RGCs receive strong and selective input from an unusual excitatory amacrine cell type known as VG3-AC (vesicular glutamate transporter 3). Both W3B-RGCs and VG3-ACs express the immunoglobulin superfamily recognition molecule sidekick 2 (Sdk2), and both loss- and gain-of-function studies indicate that Sdk2-dependent homophilic interactions are necessary for the selectivity of the connection. The Sdk2-specified synapse is essential for visual responses of W3B-RGCs: whereas bipolar cells relay visual input directly to most RGCs, the W3B-RGCs receive much of their input indirectly, via the VG3-ACs. This non-canonical circuit introduces a delay into the pathway from photoreceptors in the centre of the receptive field to W3B-RGCs, which could improve their ability to judge the synchrony of local and global motion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.