ArticleBMC infectious diseases2015
Divergent cerebrospinal fluid cytokine network induced by non-viral and different viral infections on the central nervous system.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential cytokine signature profiles in neonates, infants, and children with enterovirus meningitis.Journal of virology · 2026Observational
- Human herpesvirus 7 induced aseptic meningitis in an immunocompetent adult presenting with unusual neurological symptoms: a case report.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Low serum free triiodothyronineis level predicts worse outcome of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders and COVID-19: What We Know So Far.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Detection and Transcriptomic Analysis in Pediatric Central Nervous System Infections.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection: The spectrum of its neurological manifestations.Cytokine · 2021Review
- COVID-19-Associated Acute Brain Dysfunction Related to Sepsis.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2021Review
- Neural Infection by Oropouche Virus in Adult Human Brain Slices Induces an Inflammatory and Toxic Response.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Neuroinflammation and Its Impact on the Pathogenesis of COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Host Immune Response to Enterovirus and Parechovirus Systemic Infections in Children.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Cytokine characteristic of cerebrospinal fluid from children with enteroviral meningitis compared to bacterial meningitis.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2020Article
- Advances in Biomarker-Guided Therapy for Pediatric- and Adult-Onset Neuroinflammatory Disorders: Targeting Chemokines/Cytokines.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Association between depression and enterovirus infection: A nationwide population-based cohort study.Medicine · 2017Article
- Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections.Mediators of inflammation · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMeningoencephalitis is one of the most common disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) worldwide. Viral meningoencephalitis differs from bacterial meningitis in several aspects. In some developing countries, bacterial meningitis has appropriate clinical management and chemotherapy is available. Virus-associated and virus not detected meningoencephalitis are treatable, however, they may cause death in a few cases. The knowledge of how mediators of inflammation can induce disease would contribute for the design of affordable therapeutic strategies, as well as to the diagnosis of virus not detected and viral meningoencephalitis. Cytokine-induced inflammation to CNS requires several factors that are not fully understood yet.
methodsConsidering this, several cytokines were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with undiagnosed and viral meningoencephalitis, and these were correlated with cellularity in the CSF.
resultsThe results demonstrate that an altered biochemical profile alongside increased cellularity in the cerebrospinal fluid is a feature of patients with meningoencephalitis that are not associated with the detection of virus in the CNS (P < 0.05). Moreover, HIV-positive patients (n = 10) that evolve with meningoencephalitis display a distinct biochemical/cytological profile (P < 0.05) in the cerebrospinal fluid. Meningoencephalitis brings about a prominent intrathecal cytokine storm regardless of the detection of virus as presumable etiological agent. In the case of Enterovirus infection (n = 13), meningoencephalitis elicits robust intrathecal pro-inflammatory cytokine pattern and elevated cellularity when compared to herpesvirus (n = 15) and Arbovirus (n = 5) viral infections (P < 0.05).
conclusionDifferences in the cytokine profile of the CSF may be unique if distinct, viral or presumably non-viral pathways initially trigger the inflammatory response in the CNS.
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