ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2015
New data and an old puzzle: the negative association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- The genetic basis for the inverse relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Associations Between Non-neurological Autoimmune Disorders and Psychosis: A Meta-analysis.Biological psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Meta-Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Data Hold New Promise for Addiction Genetics.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2016Pooled it
- Dissecting the genetic relationship between severe mental disorders and autoimmune diseases.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- An overview on Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus' genetics.Toxicology research · 2025Review
- Familial Mediterranean fever association with schizophrenia: insights from big data analysis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Schizophrenia and Rheumatoid Arthritis Genetic Scenery: Potential Non-HLA Genes Involved in Both Diseases Relationship.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2024Article
- Shared Genetic Loci Between Schizophrenia and White Blood Cell Counts Suggest Genetically Determined Systemic Immune Abnormalities.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- A Summary on the Genetics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Sclerosis, and Sjögren's Syndrome.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Review
- Immunologic profiling in schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis.Psychiatry research · 2022Article
- Multiomics analysis of rheumatoid arthritis yields sequence variants that have large effects on risk of the seropositive subset.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2022Article
- Neuroimmune Crosstalk in Rheumatoid Arthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- A machine learning case-control classifier for schizophrenia based on DNA methylation in blood.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Etiology and Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A State-of-the-Art Review.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Repurposing haloperidol for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: an integrative approach using data mining techniques.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2021Article
- Diagnosing Organic Causes of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Findings from a One-Year Cohort of the Freiburg Diagnostic Protocol in Psychosis (FDPP).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- A Genetics Perspective on the Role of the (Neuro)Immune System in Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2020Review
- Cross-disorder analysis of schizophrenia and 19 immune-mediated diseases identifies shared genetic risk.Human molecular genetics · 2019Article
- Association of Genetic Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis With Cognitive and Psychiatric Phenotypes Across Childhood and Adolescence.JAMA network open · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
149 authors at 20 institutions in 14 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA long-standing epidemiological puzzle is the reduced rate of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in those with schizophrenia (SZ) and vice versa. Traditional epidemiological approaches to determine if this negative association is underpinned by genetic factors would test for reduced rates of one disorder in relatives of the other, but sufficiently powered data sets are difficult to achieve. The genomics era presents an alternative paradigm for investigating the genetic relationship between two uncommon disorders.
methodsWe use genome-wide common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from independently collected SZ and RA case-control cohorts to estimate the SNP correlation between the disorders. We test a genotype X environment (GxE) hypothesis for SZ with environment defined as winter- vs summer-born.
resultsWe estimate a small but significant negative SNP-genetic correlation between SZ and RA (-0.046, s.e. 0.026, P = 0.036). The negative correlation was stronger for the SNP set attributed to coding or regulatory regions (-0.174, s.e. 0.071, P = 0.0075). Our analyses led us to hypothesize a gene-environment interaction for SZ in the form of immune challenge. We used month of birth as a proxy for environmental immune challenge and estimated the genetic correlation between winter-born and non-winter born SZ to be significantly less than 1 for coding/regulatory region SNPs (0.56, s.e. 0.14, P = 0.00090).
conclusionsOur results are consistent with epidemiological observations of a negative relationship between SZ and RA reflecting, at least in part, genetic factors. Results of the month of birth analysis are consistent with pleiotropic effects of genetic variants dependent on environmental context.
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